ма
Bulgarian
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Particle
ма • (ma)
- expresses disbelief, surprise, empathy
- Ма, то наистина било хубаво! ― Ma, to naistina bilo hubavo! ― Hey, it is indeed good!
- expresses irritation, objection, impatiance
- Ма, какво му мислите толкова? ― Ma, kakvo mu mislite tolkova? ― Jeez, what are you analysing so much!
Derived terms
References
- “ма⁴”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- Nayden Gerov (1899), “ма”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language][1] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 39
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “ма³”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 593
Etymology 2
Borrowed from some neighbouring language. See Greek μα (ma), Italian ma.
Conjunction
ма • (ma)
- (colloquial) but, however
- Ще ти купя сладолед, ма друг път. ― Šte ti kupja sladoled, ma drug pǎt. ― I will buy you an icecream, however, at another time.
See also
- а́ма (áma, “however”) (Ottoman Turkish borrowing of Arabic origin)
References
- “ма³”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “ма¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 593
Etymology 3
Shortening of мома́ (momá, “girl, maid”) and/or мо́ре (móre) (evocative intensifier).
Interjection
ма • (ma)
- (derogatory) placed at the end of a sentence, when directed at a woman, as an offensive intensifier
References
- “ма¹”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “ма”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “ма⁴”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 593
Dungan
Etymology 1
Cognate to Standard Mandarin 馬/马 (mǎ)
Noun
ма • (ma)
Etymology 2
Cognate to Standard Mandarin 媽/妈 (mā)
Noun
ма • (ma)
Etymology 3
Cognate to Standard Mandarin 罵/骂 (mà)
Verb
ма • (ma)
- to scold
Eastern Khanty
Etymology
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ма (ma)(Surgut)
Declension
This pronoun needs an inflection-table template.
See also
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | ма (ma) | мин (min) | мәӈ (məṇ) |
| 2nd person | нӱӈ (nüṇ) | нын (nyn) | нәӈ (nəṇ) |
| 3rd person | ԓӱв (łüw) | ԓин (łin) | ԓәӽ (łəḥ) |
References
- Volkova, A. N.; Solovar, V. N. (2018), “ма”, in Хантыйско-русский тематический словарь (сургутский диалект) [Khanty-Russian Thematic Dictionary (Surgut dialect)][2] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: РГПУ имени А.И. Герцена, →ISBN
- Volkova, A. N.; Solovar, V. N. (2016), “ма”, in Краткий русско-хантыйский словарь (сургутский диалект) [Short Russian-Khanty Dictionary (Surgut dialect)][3] (in Russian), Khanty-Mansiysk: Югорский формат, →ISBN
Eastern Mari
Etymology
Possibly from Turkic, compare the Kazakh entry below.
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mɑ/
Conjunction
ма • (ma)
- whether, if
- толат ма уке, мылам садак
- tolat ma uke, mylam sadak
- I don't care if you come or not
- (ма... ма) whether... or
- ял ма, ола ма - илыш чыла вере икгаяк
- jal ma, ola ma - ilyš čyla vere ikgajak
- in the country or in the city, life is the same everywhere
Particle
ма • (ma)
- interrogative particle
- толат ма?
- tolat ma?
- are you coming?
References
- J. Bradley et al. (2023), “ма”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna
Kazakh
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *-mi. Doublet of -мі (-mı).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mɑ/
Particle
ма • (ma)
- Forms yes-no questions
- Synonym: -мі (-mı) (literary)
- Өлді ма? ― Öldı ma? ― Did he die?
- why (Used with negated verbs)
- Ұйықтамайсың ба? ― Ūiyqtamaisyñ ba? ― Why don't you sleep?
Komi-Permyak
Etymology
From Proto-Permic *må, from Proto-Uralic *mete, borrowed from an Indo-European language, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu (compare Russian мёд (mjod), Ossetian мыд (myd) and English mead). Cognates include Finnish mesi and Hungarian méz.
Permic cognates include Udmurt му (mu) and Komi-Zyrian ма (ma).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈma/, [ˈmä]
- Hyphenation: ма
Noun
ма • (ma)
Declension
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ма (ma) | маэз (maez) | |
| accusative | I* | ма (ma) | маэз (maez) |
| II* | маӧс (maös) | маэзӧс (maezös) | |
| instrumental | маӧн (maön) | маэзӧн (maezön) | |
| comitative | макӧт (maköt) | маэзкӧт (maezköt) | |
| caritive | матӧг (matög) | маэзтӧг (maeztög) | |
| consecutive | мала (mala) | маэзла (maezla) | |
| genitive | малӧн (malön) | маэзлӧн (maezlön) | |
| ablative | малісь (maliś) | маэзлісь (maezliś) | |
| dative | малӧ (malö) | маэзлӧ (maezlö) | |
| inessive | маын (mayn) | маэзын (maezyn) | |
| elative | маись (maiś) | маэзісь (maeziś) | |
| illative | маӧ (maö) | маэзӧ (maezö) | |
| egressive | масянь (maśań) | маэзсянь (maezśań) | |
| approximative | малань (malań) | маэзлань (maezlań) | |
| terminative | I | маӧдз (maödź) | маэзӧдз (maezödź) |
| II | мави (mavi) | маэзви (maezvi) | |
| prolative | маӧт (maöt) | маэзӧт (maezöt) | |
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
- R. M. Batalova; A. S. Krivoshchekova-Gantman (1985), Коми-пермяцко-русский словарь [Komi-Permyak-Russian dictionary][4], Moscow: Русский язык, page 240
Komi-Zyrian
Etymology
From Proto-Permic *må, from Proto-Uralic *mete, borrowed from an Indo-European language, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu (compare Russian мёд (mjod) and English mead). Cognates include Finnish mesi and Hungarian méz.
Permic cognates include Udmurt му (mu) and Komi-Permyak ма (ma).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈma/, [ˈmä]
- Hyphenation: ма
Noun
ма • (ma)
Declension
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ма (ma) | маяс (majas) | |
| accusative | I 1 | ма (ma) | маяс (majas) |
| II 1 | маӧс (maös) | маясӧс (majasös) | |
| instrumental | маӧн (maön) | маясӧн (majasön) | |
| comitative | макӧд (maköd) | маяскӧд (majasköd) | |
| caritive | матӧг (matög) | маястӧг (majastög) | |
| consecutive | мала (mala) | маясла (majasla) | |
| genitive | малӧн (malön) | маяслӧн (majaslön) | |
| ablative | малысь (malyś) | маяслысь (majaslyś) | |
| dative | малы (maly) | маяслы (majasly) | |
| inessive | маын (mayn) | маясын (majasyn) | |
| elative | маысь (mayś) | маясысь (majasyś) | |
| illative | маӧ (maö) | маясӧ (majasö) | |
| egressive | масянь (maśań) | маяссянь (majasśań) | |
| approximative | малань (malań) | маяслань (majaslań) | |
| terminative | маӧдз (maödź) | маясӧдз (majasödź) | |
| prolative | I | маӧд (maöd) | маясӧд (majasöd) |
| II | маті (mati) | маясті (majasti) | |
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derived terms
References
- A. I. Podorova, editor (1948), Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], Syktyvkar: Коми Государственное Издательство, page 121
- L. M. Beznosikova; E. A. Ajbabina; R. I. Kosnyreva (2000), Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 376
Macedonian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ma]
Interjection
ма • (ma)
- (vulgar, derogatory) Placed at the end of an utterance as an offensive intensifier (usually when addressing women)
Mariupol Greek
Etymology
From Byzantine Greek μά (má), borrowed from Old Italian ma. Cognates include Greek μα (ma).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [mɐ]
- Hyphenation: ма
Conjunction
ма • (ma) (emphatic form а́ма)
References
- A. A. Diamantopulo-Rionis with D. L. Demerdzhi, A. M. Davydova-Diamantopulo, A. A. Shapurma, R. S. Kharabadot, and D. K. Patricha (2006), “ма”, in Румейско-русский и русско-румейский словарь пяти диалектов греков Приазовья, Mariupol, →ISBN
- G. A. Animica; M. P. Galikbarova (2013), Румеку глоса[5], Donetsk, page 34
Northern Khanty
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [maː]
Pronoun
ма (ma) (Kazym, Priuralsky)
Declension
| nominative | ма (ma) |
|---|---|
| accusative | мăнәт (mănət) |
| dative | мăнєм (mănêm) |
See also
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | ма (ma) | мин (min) | мўӈ (mŭṇ) |
| 2nd person | нӑӈ (năṇ) | нын (nyn) | нын (nyn), ныӈ (nyṇ) |
| 3rd person | ԓўв (łŭw) | ԓын (łyn) | ԓыв (ływ), ԓый (łyj) |
References
- Solovar, V. N. (2014), “ма”, in Хантыйско-русский Словарь (казымский диалект) [Khanty-Russian Dictionary (Kazym Dialect)][6], Khanty-Mansiysk: ООО «ФОРМАТ», →ISBN, page 174
Ossetian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *máH, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₁.
Particle
ма • (ma)
- (Iron, Difor) prohibitive particle
- ма тӕрс ― ma tærs ― don't be afraid
Further reading
- Bigulajev, B. B.; Gagkajev, K. Je.; Kulajev, N. X.; Tuajeva, O. N. (1970), “ма”, in A. M. Kasajev, editor, Осетинско-русский словарь [Ossetian–Russian Dictionary], 3rd edition, Ordzhonikidze: Ir
- Takazov, F. M. (2003), “ма”, in Дигорско-русский словарь [Digor–Russian Dictionary], Vladikavkaz: Alania
- Abajev, V. I. (1973), “ma”, in Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, page 60f
Pannonian Rusyn
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈma]
- Rhymes: -a
- Hyphenation: ма
Verb
ма (ma)
- third-person singular present of мац (mac)
Southern Yukaghir
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈmaʔ]
- Rhymes: -aʔ
- Hyphenation: ма
Interjection
ма (ma)
- take it!
- 2000, V. K. Spiridonov, I. A. Nikolaeva, Букварь для 1 класса юкагирских школ [A primer for the 1st class of Yukaghir schools], Saint Petersburg: Просвещение, →ISBN, page 11:
- Эм-мээ, ма!
- Em-mē, ma!
- Mum-my, take!
References
- Elena Maslova (2003), A Grammar of Kolyma Yukaghir, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 30
Udmurt
Etymology
From Proto-Permic [Term?], from Proto-Uralic *mi. Cognates include Moksha мезе (meze), Veps mi and Hungarian mi.
Permic ognates include Komi-Zyrian мый (myj) and Komi-Yazva мөй (måj).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈmä]
- Rhymes: -ä
- Hyphenation: ма
Pronoun
ма • (ma)
References
- L. E. Kirillova, L. L. Karpova, editors (2008), “ма”, in Удмурт-ӟуч кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian dictionary], Izhevsk: Удмуртский институт истории, языка и литературы УрО РАН, →ISBN, page 418
- T. V. Voronova, T. A. Poyarkova, editor (2012), Удмурт-ӟуч, ӟуч-удмурт кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian, Russian-Udmurt dictionary] (overall work in Russian), Izhevsk: Книжное издательство «Удмуртия», →ISBN, page 46
- Yrjö Wichmann; Toivo Emil Uotila (1987), Mikko Korhonen, editor, Wotjakischer Wortschatz [Votyak Vocabulary] (Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae; Volume 21) (overall work in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen Seura, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 153