گرد

See also: ـگرد, گرڈ, کرد, كرد, and گرَٛد

Central Kurdish

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *gr̥Híš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Híš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH-.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡəɾd/

Noun

Northern Kurdish gir

گرد (gird)

  1. hill (elevated location)

Derived terms

  • گردۆڵکە (girdollke)
  • گردەڵە (girdelle)

References

Khalaj

Noun

گَرد (gərd) (definite accusative گَردی, plural گَردلَر)

  1. Arabic spelling of gərd (“dust”)

Declension

Declension of گرد
singular plural
nominative گرد گردلَر
genitive گردۆݧ گردلَریݧ
dative گردکه گردلَرکه
definite accusative گردۆ گردلَری
locative گردچه گردلَرچه
ablative گردده گردلَرده
instrumental گردله گردلَرله
equative گردوارا گردلَروارا

Persian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (wlt- /⁠ward-⁠/, “to turn, twist, writhe; to change”), Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫇𐫡𐫅 (wrd), from Old Persian 𐎺𐎼𐎫 (vart-), from Proto-Iranian *wart- (“to turn”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wart-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn, rotate”).[1][2]

Cognates include Sanskrit वर्तते (vártate, “to turn, roll”), Proto-Slavic *vьrtě̀ti (“to turn”), Latin vertere (“to turn”), German werden (“to turn (into), become”), English worth; also Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙- (varət-), Khotanese [script needed] (bal- /⁠baḍ-⁠/, “to move, writhe”), Parthian [script needed] (wrt-), [script needed] (wrd-), Sogdian [script needed] (wrtn).

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? gird
Dari reading? gird
Iranian reading? gerd
Tajik reading? gird

Adjective

گرد • (gird / gerd) (Tajik spelling гирд)

  2. round, circular
Derived terms
  • گردی (girdī / gerdi)
  • گردباد (girdbād / gerdbâd)
  • گردالی (girdālī / gerdâli)
  • گردیدن (gardīdan / gardidan, “to rotate, spin, circulate”)
  • گردو (girdū / gerdu, “walnut”)

Verb

گرد • (gard) (Tajik spelling гард)

  1. present stem of گشتن (gaštan, “to wander; to change”)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (gard, “dust”),[3] ultimately from the same root as the verb گَشتَن (gaštan, “to wander around”).

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? gard
Dari reading? gard
Iranian reading? gard
Tajik reading? gard
  • Rhymes: -ard

Noun

گرد • (gard) (Tajik spelling гард)

  1. dust
  2. powder
    Synonym: پودر (pūdr / pudr)
Alternative forms
  • گرذ (garz) (archaic or dialectal)
Descendants
  • → Khalaj: gərd

Etymology 3

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (gurd, “hero”).[4]

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? gurd
Dari reading? gurd
Iranian reading? gord
Tajik reading? gurd

Noun

گرد • (gurd / gord) (Tajik spelling гурд)

  1. hero

References

  1. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*u̯art”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 423–425
  2. ^ Nourai, Ali (2011), An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 514
  3. ^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “gard”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 35
  4. ^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “gurd”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 38
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