आ

From the Gupta letter (ā).

आ (ā)

1. The second letter and vowel of the Devanagari script.

Its matra, used to modify the inherent vowel in a consonant, is written ा. For example, the first consonant क with the matra looks like: का.

आ (ā) (Kaithi 𑂄)

1. and

• IPA^(key): /əː/, [əː] (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this pronunciation?)

आ • (ā)

1. The second vowel in Dhivehi, written in Devanagari script

• IPA^(key): /aː/, /a/, /ɑː/, [äː]
• The first three transcriptions are very common, but the fourth is the true phonetic value.

• Audio:

  (file)

आ • (ā)

1. the second vowel of Hindi

• (matra): ा (ā)

• Devanagari script letters: अ, आ, इ, ई, उ, ऊ, ऋ, ए, ऐ, ओ, औ, अं, अः, अँ, क, ख, ग, घ, ङ, च, छ, ज, झ, ञ, ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण, त, थ, द, ध, न, प, फ, ब, भ, म, य, र, ल, व, श, ष, स, ह, त्र, ज्ञ, क्ष, क़, ख़, ग़, ज़, झ़, ड़, ढ़, फ़ ^[edit]

आ • (ā)

1. inflection of आना (ānā):
   1. stem
   2. second-person singular intimate present imperative

Inherited from Proto-Dravidian *aH (“that”).

आ (ā)

1. that

• IPA^(key): /a/

• Audio:

  (file)

आ • (ā)

1. The second vowel in Marathi

• IPA^(key): [ä]
• Phonetic Devanagari: आ
• While the first transcription is very common, the second is the true phonetic value.

आ • (ā)

1. The second vowel in Nepali.

आ • (ā)

1. low-respectful second-person singular imperative of आउनु (āunu)

आ • (ā)

1. he, this

आ • (ā)

1. this

• Gujarati: આ (ā)

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɑ́ː/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɑː/

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáH, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“to, at”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *at (whence English at) and Latin ad. The final *d in the Proto-Indo-European term regularly alternated with *h₁, the latter appearing before certain consonants originally. Indo-Iranian languages generalized the form ending in *h₁ and other fellow Indo-European languages generalized the form ending in *d.^[1]

आ • (ā́)

1. (Vedic) separated form of आ- (ā-)

आ • (ā́)

1. With senses determined by the accusative case:
   1. (+ accusative) near to, towards, to
      • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda
   2. (+ accusative) for
      • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda
2. With senses determined by the ablative case:
   1. (+ ablative) from
      • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda
      • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda
   2. (+ ablative) out of, from among
      • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda
3. (+locative) in, at, on

आ • (ā́)

1. (+ accusative) up to ... exclusively
   • c. 700 BCE – 500 BCE, Aitareya Brāhmaṇa
2. With senses determined by the ablative case
   1. (+ ablative) up to, to, as far as
      • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda
      • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda
      • 900-1100 AD; copied later, Arlo Griffiths, Kunthea Chhom, “A problematic inscription (K.1237)”, in Udaya: Journal of Khmer Studies‎^[2], volume 14 (PDF), Yosothor, published 2019, halshs-02168837, page 10:

        វិមទ*យន្តិយេភូមី*
        ទាសាន្ទេវស្យបាបី*នះ
        តេសវ្វ៌នរកេយាន្តុ
        យាតនាមាភវក្ឞយាត៑ ៕
        * Read ទ, មី and បី as ទ៌, មិ and បិ.

        vimardayanti ye bhūmi
        dāsāndevasya pāpinaḥ
        te sarvvanarake yāntu
        yātanām ā bhavakṣayāt· ॥

        May the evil ones who disturb the land and servants of the god undergo torment in every hell until the end of existence.

   2. (+ ablative) from
      • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda

आ • (ā́)

1. (+(X)ablative ā́ +(Y)ablative) from (X) to (Y)
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 7.95.2:

     एका॑चेत॒त्सर॑स्वती न॒दीनां॒ शुचि॑र्य॒ती गि॒रिभ्य॒ आ स॑मु॒द्रात्।
     रा॒यश्चेत॑न्ती॒ भुव॑नस्य॒ भूरे॑र्घृ॒तं पयो॑ दुदुहे॒ नाहु॑षाय॥

     ékācetatsárasvatī nadī́nāṃ śúciryatī́ giríbhya ā́ samudrā́t.
     rāyáścétantī bhúvanasya bhū́rerghṛtáṃ páyo duduhe nā́huṣāya.

     Sarasvatī, chief and pure of rivers, flowing from the mountains to the ocean understood the request of Nahuṣa, and distributing riches among the many existing beings, milked for him butter and water.

Has been compared with Ancient Greek ἦ (ê, “certainly, really”).^[2][3]

आ • (ā́)

1. emphasizing particle after adverbs and nouns

• Monier Williams (1899), “आ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 126, columns 1-2.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “ā́”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[3] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 157-8
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956), Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[4] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 69

• IPA^(key): [ɑ~ʌ]

आ (ā)

1. Used to represent the [ɑ~ʌ] sound in Sherpa. [5]