ἦ

See also: ἡ, ἤ, ἥ, ᾖ, ᾗ, and Appendix:Variations of "h"

ἦ	U+1F26, ἦ GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI

Composition:

η [U+03B7] + ◌̓ [U+0313] + ◌͂ [U+0342]

← ἥ
[U+1F25]

Greek Extended

ἧ →
[U+1F27]

Ancient Greek

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ɛ̂ː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /e̝/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /i/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /i/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /i/

Etymology 1

Sometimes compared to Sanskrit आ (ā́, emphatic particle).^[1] Related to ἤ (ḗ, “or”).

Particle

ἦ • (ê)

certainly, really

Etymology 2

See ἤ (ḗ, “or”).

Alternative forms

ἦε (êe) — Epic

Conjunction

ἦ • (ê)

or

Usage notes

The pair ἤ... ἦ (ḗ... ê) means ‘either... or...’ or ‘whether... or...’.

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

ἦ • (ê)

third-person singular imperfect/aorist of ἠμί (ēmí): (s)he said
Synonym: ἔφη (éphē)

Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

ἦ • (ê)

first-person singular imperfect of εἰμί (eimí): I was
Synonym: ἦν (ên)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἦ 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 507

“ἦ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ἦ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ἦ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἦ in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἦ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
“ἦ”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G2229 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἦ 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 507

[1]

Ancient Greek

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Particle

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

Conjunction

Usage notes

Etymology 3

Verb

Etymology 4

Verb

References

Further reading