伸

伸	U+4F38, 伸 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F38

← 伷
[U+4F37]

CJK Unified Ideographs

伹 →
[U+4F39]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

伸 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人中田中 (OLWL), four-corner 2520₆, composition ⿰亻申)

Derived characters

𭈁, 𥆓, 𦕽, 𨁬, 敒, 𫣰, 𰁷

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 97, character 6
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 481
Dae Jaweon: page 205, character 12
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 133, character 2
Unihan data for U+4F38

Chinese

simp. and trad.		伸

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 伸
Small seal script s05824 Transcribed ancient scripts L31183 L31184
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (申) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
電	*l'iːns
胂	l̥ʰin, hlin
申	*hlin
伸	*hlin
呻	*hlin
紳	*hlin
眒	hlin, hlins
柛	*hlin
訷	*hlin
抻	*hlins
神	*hlin
朄	*lins

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hlin): semantic 亻 (“man”) + phonetic 申 (OC *hlin).

Etymology

STEDT derives the word from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsjan ~ *dzjan (“to stretch out”), and compares Burmese ဆင်း (hcang:, “idem”), though the Old Chinese reconstructions make this somewhat problematic.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): shēn (shen¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄣ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cen¹
Cantonese (Jyutping): san¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhûn / sṳ̂n

(Hailu, HRS): chun^ˋ / shin^ˋ
Eastern Min (BUC): sĭng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cong¹ / cuong¹ / cuerng¹ / sing¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhun / chhng / sin

(Teochew, Peng'im): cung¹ / sing¹
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ¹sen

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shēn
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shen
  - Wade–Giles: shên¹
  - Yale: shēn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shen
  - Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂən⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: cen¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cen
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰən⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
  - Jyutping: san¹
  - Yale: sān
  - Cantonese Pinyin: san¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: sen¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐn⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûn / sṳ̂n
  - Hakka Romanization System: cun^ˊ / siin^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cun¹ / sin¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun²⁴/, /sɨn²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: chun^ˋ / shin^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʰun⁵³/, /ʃin⁵³/

Note:

chhûn - vernacular;
sṳ̂n - literary.

Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Jiangkou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: cong¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cheong
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁵³³/
- (Nanri)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: cong¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰoŋ⁵³³/
- (Youyang)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: cong¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: cuong¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuoŋ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: cuerng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɯəŋ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sing¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sing¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ⁵⁴⁴/

Note:

cong1/cuong1/cuerng1 - vernacular;
sing1 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhun
  - Tâi-lô: tshun
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhwn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰun³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhng
  - Tâi-lô: tshng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhngf
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰŋ̍³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sin
  - Tâi-lô: sin
  - Phofsit Daibuun: syn
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sin⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sin³³/

Note:

chhun/chhng - vernacular;
sin - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: cung¹ / sing¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshung / sing
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuŋ³³/, /siŋ³³/

Note:

cung1 - vernacular;
sing1 - literary.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ¹sen
  - MiniDict: sen^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹sen
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sən⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /sən⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: syin

Rime
Character	伸
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	失人切
Baxter	syin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕin/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕin/
Li Rong	/ɕiĕn/
Wang Li	/ɕĭĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɕi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shēn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	san¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥i[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*hlin/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	伸
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shēn
Middle Chinese	‹ syin ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥i[n]/
English	stretch, extend
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	伸
Reading #	1/1
No.	11236
Phonetic component	申
Rime group	眞
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	申
Old Chinese	/*hlin/

Definitions

伸

to extend; to stretch out
伸長兩隻手／伸长两只手 ― shēncháng liǎng zhī shǒu ― to extend two hands
to report
(Hakka, Hokkien) to be left; to remain
Alternative forms: 剩, 賰 / 䞐, 偆, 存
a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 剩 (“to be left; to remain”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		剩, 剩餘
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	剩
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	剩
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	剩
Southwestern Mandarin	Guilin	剩
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	剩
Cantonese	Guangzhou	剩
Cantonese	Hong Kong	剩
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	伸
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	伸
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	伸
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	伸
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	伸
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	伸
Southern Min	Xiamen	伸
	Quanzhou	偆
	Zhangzhou	伸, 偆
	Manila (Hokkien)	伸
	Puning	存
Wu	Shanghai	剩, 挺, 挺剩
	Danyang	剩
	Ningbo	剩

Compounds

以屈求伸
仰首伸眉
伸冤 (shēnyuān)
伸出 (shēnchū)
伸出援手
伸剖
伸展 (shēnzhǎn)
伸張 / 伸张 (shēnzhāng)
伸張正義 / 伸张正义
伸志
伸懶腰 / 伸懒腰 (shēn lǎnyāo)
伸手 (shēnshǒu)
伸手牌
伸港 (Shēngǎng)
伸直 (shēnzhí)
伸眉
伸眉吐氣 / 伸眉吐气
伸縮 / 伸缩 (shēnsuō)
伸縮尺 / 伸缩尺
伸縮縫 / 伸缩缝
伸腰
伸腿 (shēntuǐ)
伸腿瞪眼
伸舌頭 / 伸舌头
伸鉤索鐵 / 伸钩索铁
伸長 / 伸长 (shēncháng)
伸開 / 伸开 (shēnkāi)
伸頭探腦 / 伸头探脑
伸頭縮頸 / 伸头缩颈
小屈大伸
屈一伸萬 / 屈一伸万
屈伸 (qūshēn)
平伸
延伸 (yánshēn)
握鉤伸鐵 / 握钩伸铁
有屈無伸 / 有屈无伸
欠伸 (qiànshēn)
眉頭不伸 / 眉头不伸
能屈能伸
蠖屈求伸
詘寸伸尺 / 诎寸伸尺
轉伸 / 转伸
顰伸 / 颦伸

References

“伸”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “1927 伸（～手）”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 476.