悲憤
See also: 悲愤
Chinese
sad; sadness; sorrow sad; sadness; sorrow; grief |
indignant; anger; resentment | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (悲憤) | 悲 | 憤 | |
| simp. (悲愤) | 悲 | 愤 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): bei1 fan5
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: bēifèn
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄟ ㄈㄣˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: beifèn
- Wade–Giles: pei1-fên4
- Yale: bēi-fèn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: beifenn
- Palladius: бэйфэнь (bɛjfɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /peɪ̯⁵⁵ fən⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)+
- Jyutping: bei1 fan5
- Yale: bēi fáhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: bei1 fan5
- Guangdong Romanization: béi1 fen5
- Sinological IPA (key): /pei̯⁵⁵ fɐn¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pi-hūn
- Tâi-lô: pi-hūn
- Phofsit Daibuun: pi'hun
- IPA (Xiamen): /pi⁴⁴⁻²² hun²²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /pi³³ hun⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pi-hún
- Tâi-lô: pi-hún
- Phofsit Daibuun: pi'huon
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi⁴⁴⁻²² hun⁵³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: bui1 hung3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pui hùng
- Sinological IPA (key): /pui³³⁻²³ huŋ²¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
- Middle Chinese: pij bjunX
Adjective
悲憤
Synonyms
Descendants
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 悲 | 憤 |
| ひ Grade: 3 |
ふん Grade: S |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) ひふん [hìfúń] (Heiban – [0])[1][2][3]
- (Tokyo) ひふん [híꜜfùǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[3]
- IPA(key): [çiɸɯ̟̃ɴ]
Noun
悲憤 • (hifun)
Verb
悲憤する • (hifun suru) suru (stem 悲憤し (hifun shi), past 悲憤した (hifun shita))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "悲憤する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 悲憤し | ひふんし | hifun shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 悲憤し | ひふんし | hifun shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 悲憤する | ひふんする | hifun suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 悲憤する | ひふんする | hifun suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 悲憤すれ | ひふんすれ | hifun sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 悲憤せよ¹ 悲憤しろ² |
ひふんせよ¹ ひふんしろ² |
hifun seyo¹ hifun shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 悲憤される | ひふんされる | hifun sareru | |
| Causative | 悲憤させる 悲憤さす |
ひふんさせる ひふんさす |
hifun saseru hifun sasu | |
| Potential | 悲憤できる | ひふんできる | hifun dekiru | |
| Volitional | 悲憤しよう | ひふんしよう | hifun shiyō | |
| Negative | 悲憤しない | ひふんしない | hifun shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 悲憤せず | ひふんせず | hifun sezu | |
| Formal | 悲憤します | ひふんします | hifun shimasu | |
| Perfective | 悲憤した | ひふんした | hifun shita | |
| Conjunctive | 悲憤して | ひふんして | hifun shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 悲憤すれば | ひふんすれば | hifun sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2019), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2020), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Eighth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 悲 | 憤 |
Adjective
悲憤