桐
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Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
Han character
桐 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 木月一口 (DBMR), four-corner 47920, composition ⿰木同)
Derived characters
- 𫈷
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 525, character 17
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14770
- Dae Jaweon: page 914, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1198, character 7
- Unihan data for U+6850
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
桐 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (同) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 鮦 | *duʔ, *doːŋ, *doŋʔ |
| 侗 | *tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ |
| 恫 | *tʰoːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 痌 | *tʰoːŋ |
| 同 | *doːŋ |
| 仝 | *zlon, *doːŋ |
| 銅 | *doːŋ |
| 桐 | *doːŋ |
| 峒 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 硐 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ |
| 筒 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 洞 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 烔 | *doːŋ |
| 挏 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ |
| 酮 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ |
| 鲖 | |
| 眮 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ, *doːŋs |
| 衕 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 哃 | *doːŋ |
| 絧 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 姛 | *doːŋʔ |
| 詷 | *doːŋʔ, *doːŋs |
| 胴 | *doːŋs |
| 駧 | *doːŋs |
| 迵 | *doːŋs |
| 戙 | *doːŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *doːŋ): semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 同 (OC *doːŋ).
Etymology
See the possibly-related Burmese တုံး (tum:, “log”) for more (STEDT).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): tung4
- Gan (Wiktionary): tung2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thùng
- Jin (Wiktionary): tung1
- Eastern Min (BUC): dùng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6don
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: tóng
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tóng
- Wade–Giles: tʻung2
- Yale: túng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: torng
- Palladius: тун (tun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰʊŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Jyutping: tung4
- Yale: tùhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tung4
- Guangdong Romanization: tung4
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰʊŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thùng
- Hakka Romanization System: tungˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: tung2
- Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Eastern Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tông / tâng / thâng
- Tâi-lô: tông / tâng / thâng
- Phofsit Daibuun: doong, daang, taang
- IPA (Xiamen): /tɔŋ²⁴/, /taŋ²⁴/, /tʰaŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔŋ²⁴/, /taŋ²⁴/, /tʰaŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ¹³/, /taŋ¹³/, /tʰaŋ¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /tɔŋ²⁴/, /taŋ²⁴/, /tʰaŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ²³/, /taŋ²³/, /tʰaŋ²³/
- (Hokkien)
Note:
- tông - literary;
- tâng/thâng - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: tong5 / tang5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thông / thâng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰoŋ⁵⁵/, /tʰaŋ⁵⁵/
Note:
- tong5 - literary;
- tang5 - vernacular.
- Middle Chinese: duwng
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*doːŋ/
Definitions
桐
- various trees related to the tung tree (now distinguished as oil-tung 油桐), particularly paulownia
- a surname
Compounds
- 刺桐 (cìtóng, “Indian coral tree”)
- 大岩桐
- 山桐子 (shāntóngzi)
- 廣東油桐 / 广东油桐
- 桐人
- 桐君
- 桐城派
- 桐宮 / 桐宫 (Tónggōng)
- 桐山 (Tóngshān)
- 桐木漯 (Tóngmùluò)
- 桐棺三寸
- 桐油 (tóngyóu)
- 桐生茂豫
- 桐花煙 / 桐花烟
- 桐花鳳 / 桐花凤
- 桐鄉 / 桐乡 (Tóngxiāng)
- 梧桐 (wútóng)
- 楊桐 / 杨桐
- 泡桐 (pāotóng)
- 油桐 (yóutóng)
- 海桐
- 海桐科
- 海桐花
- 焦桐
- 珙桐 (gǒngtóng)
- 白桐
- 福祿桐 / 福禄桐
- 空桐樹 / 空桐树
- 絲桐 / 丝桐
- 罌子桐 / 罂子桐
- 美桐 (měitóng, “American planetree”)
- 胡桐 (hútóng)
- 草海桐
- 莿桐 (cìtóng)
- 蓮葉桐 / 莲叶桐
- 血桐 (xuètóng)
- 野桐
References
- “桐”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
桐
Readings
- Go-on: ずう (zū)←づう (duu, historical)
- Kan-on: とう (tō)
- Kan’yō-on: どう (dō)
- Kun: きり (kiri, 桐)
- Nanori: ひさ (hisa)、き (ki)
Compounds
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 桐 |
| きり Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. The tree may have been imported from China prior to the Nara period.[1]
The term might be from 切り (kiri, “cutting”), from the way that the tree is quick to send out shoots after being cut.[2]
Some sources[2] also speculate that this might be from some term 木理 (*kiri, “wood grain”) in reference to the desirable grain of this wood. However, 木理 is only attested with the reading mokuri, not kiri; also, the term is not attested until the 1830s, before which the Japanese terms for wood grain were 木目 (mokume, from the mid-1500s) or 木目 (kime, from the 1200s).
Pronunciation
Noun
桐 or 桐 • (kiri)
- [from 700s] the paulownia tree, Paulownia tomentosa
- Hypernym: 胡麻の葉草 (goma no hagusa)
- [date uncertain] a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with various designs of paulownia flowers and leaves
- [from 1781]
- (card games, hanafuda) The suit of paulownia in a hanafuda deck, representing the month of December and the number twelve in most of Japan (July and seven in 虫花 (mushibana) decks, June and six in games from the Nagoya region, and November and eleven in Korea)
- Hyponym: 桐に鳳凰 (kiri ni hōō)
- [from 1798] (colloquial) a koto (Japanese zither)
- from the wood of the paulownia used as the soundboard
- Synonym: 琴 (koto)
- [from 1815] (colloquial) money, especially gold coins such as the 大判 (ōban) and the 小判 (koban)
- from the markings of paulownia crests on the coins
Derived terms
- 桐麻 (kiriasa)
- 桐油 (kiri abura)
- 桐紙 (kirigami)
- 桐ヶ谷 (kirigayatsu)
- 桐崎 (Kirisaki)
- 桐高 (Kiritaka)
- 桐竹 (kiritake)
- 桐壺 (Kiritsubo)
- 桐に鳳凰 (kiri ni hōō)
- 桐野 (Kirino)
- 桐の木炭 (kiri no kizumi)
- 桐の薹 (kiri no tō)
- 桐畑 (kiribatake)
- 桐原 (Kirihara)
- 桐火桶 (kiri hioke)
- 桐油 (kiriyu)
- 桐生 (Kiryū)
- 青桐 (aogiri)
- 秋桐 (akigiri)
- 油桐 (aburagiri)
- 飯桐, 椅 (iigiri)
- 犬桐 (inugiri)
- 岩桐草 (iwagirisō)
- 大内桐 (ōuchi-giri)
- 片桐 (Katagiri)
- 菊桐 (kikukiri)
- 臭桐 (kusagiri)
- 五三の桐 (gosan no kiri)
- 五七の桐 (goshichi no kiri)
- 三方桐 (sanbō-giri)
- 縞桐 (shimagiri)
- 総桐 (sōgiri)
- 太閤桐 (taikō-giri)
- 唐桐 (tōgiri)
- 蓮葉桐, 蓮の葉桐 (hasu no ha-giri)
- 針桐 (harigiri)
- 緋桐 (higiri)
- 前桐 (maegiri)
- 山桐 (yamagiri)
- 焼き桐 (yakigiri)
Idioms
- 桐一葉 (kiri hitoha)
See also
| Hanafuda suits in Japanese · 花札のスート (hanafuda no sūto) (layout · text) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1月 (ichigatsu) | 2月 (nigatsu) | 3月 (sangatsu) | 4月 (shigatsu) | 5月 (gogatsu) | 6月 (rokugatsu) |
| 松 (matsu) | 梅 (ume) | 桜 (sakura) | 藤 (fuji) 黒豆 (kuromame) |
菖蒲 (ayame, shōbu) 杜若 (kakitsubata) |
牡丹 (botan) |
| 7月 (shichigatsu) | 8月 (hachigatsu) | 9月 (kugatsu) | 10月 (jūgatsu) | 11月 (jūichigatsu) | 12月 (jūnigatsu) |
| 萩 (hagi) 赤豆 (akamame) |
芒 (susuki) 坊主 (bōzu) |
菊 (kiku) | 紅葉 (momiji) | 柳 (yanagi) 雨 (ame) |
桐 (kiri) |
Proper noun
桐 • (Kiri)
- a female given name
- a surname
References
- ^ “桐”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 桐 at Nihon Jiten (in Japanese)
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- “▲桐”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][3] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
Korean
Hanja
桐 (eumhun 오동나무 동 (odongnamu dong))
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Tày
Han character
桐 (transliteration needed)
- Nôm form of toòng.
References
- Dương Nhật Thanh; Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003), Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày][4] (in Tày and Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học xã hội [Social Sciences Publishing House]
Vietnamese
Han character
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