竄

See also: 窜
竄 U+7AC4, 竄
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7AC4
← 竃
[U+7AC3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 竅 →
[U+7AC5]

Translingual

Han character

竄 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+13, 18 strokes, cangjie input 十金竹難女 (JCHXV), four-corner 30717, composition ⿱穴鼠)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 869, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25679
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1298, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2744, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+7AC4

Chinese

trad. 竄
simp. 窜
alternative forms ⿱穴𰀁

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 竄
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (竄) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
躥 *sʰoːn
竄 *sʰoːn, *sʰoːns
攛 *sʰoːn
鑹 *sʰoːns

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 鼠 (“mouse”) + 穴 (“hole”) – to hide in a hole.

Etymology

Related to 鑽 (OC *ʔsoːn, *ʔsoːns, “to bore, perforate”), with semantic shift "to bore" > "to hide (in a bored-out area)" > "to go into exile" (STEDT).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • chhǹg - vernacular;
  • chhoàn - literary.
Note:
  • cuang3 - Shantou;
  • cuêng3 - Chaozhou.
    Rime
    Character 竄 竄
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Initial (聲) 清 (14) 清 (14)
    Final (韻) 桓 (62) 桓 (62)
    Tone (調) Departing (H) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed Closed
    Division (等) I I
    Fanqie 七亂切 七丸切
    Baxter tshwanH tshwan
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/t͡sʰuɑnH/ /t͡sʰuɑn/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/t͡sʰʷɑnH/ /t͡sʰʷɑn/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/t͡sʰuɑnH/ /t͡sʰuɑn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/t͡sʰwanH/ /t͡sʰwan/
    Li
    Rong         		/t͡sʰuɑnH/ /t͡sʰuɑn/
    Wang
    Li         		/t͡sʰuɑnH/ /t͡sʰuɑn/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/t͡sʰuɑnH/ /t͡sʰuɑn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		cuàn cuān
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		cyun3 cyun1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 竄
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		cuàn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ tshwanH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[tsʰ]ˁo[n]-s/
    English hide; flee

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 竄 竄
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    No. 1869 1871
    Phonetic
    component         		竄 竄
    Rime
    group         		元 元
    Rime
    subdivision         		3 3
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		竄
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sʰoːn/ /*sʰoːns/

    Definitions

    竄

    1. (now derogatory) to flee; to go in exile
    2. (literary) to exile; to banish
      • 流共工于幽洲，放驩兜于崇山，竄三苗于三危，殛鯀于羽山，四罪而天下咸服。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
        流共工于幽洲，放欢兜于崇山，窜三苗于三危，殛鲧于羽山，四罪而天下咸服。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
        From: The Book of Documents, circa 4th – 3rd century BCE
        Liú Gònggōng yú yōuzhōu, fàng huāndōu yú chóngshān, cuàn Sānmiáo yú Sānwēi, jí Gǔn yú Yǔshān, sìzuì ér tiānxià xiánfú. [Pinyin]
        He (Shun) banished the Minister of Works to You island; confined Huan-dou on mount Chong; drove (the chief of) San-miao (and his people) into San-wei, and kept them there; and held Gun a prisoner till death on mount Yu. These four criminals being thus dealt with, all under heaven acknowledged the justice (of Shun's administration).
    3. (literary) to hide
    4. (literary, or in compounds) to revise; to edit
      竄改／窜改  ―  cuàngǎi  ―  to doctor; to alter
    5. (neologism, officialese, derogatory) Short for 竄訪／窜访 (cuànfǎng)
    6. a surname, Cuan

    Synonyms

    • (to flee):
    • (to hide):
    • (to revise):

    Compounds

    References

    • “竄”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[4], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
    • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “窜”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 41.

    Japanese

    See also 竄する

    Kanji

    竄

    (Hyōgai kanji)

    1. escape, run away (のがれる (nogareru), にげる (nigeru), かくれる (kakureru))[1]
    2. set free, expel (はなす (hanasu))
    3. alter a document (あらためる (aratameru))

    Readings

    • Go-on: さん (san)
    • Kan-on: さん (san)
    • Kan’yō-on: ざん (zan)
    • Kun: かくれる (kakureru, 竄れる)、のがれる (nogareru, 竄れる)、にげる (nigeru, 竄げる)、はなす (hanasu, 竄す)、あらためる (aratameru, 竄める)

    Compounds

    References

    1. ^ “竄”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

    Korean

    Hanja

    竄 • (chan) (hangeul 찬)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    竄: Hán Nôm readings: thoán

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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