良知

Chinese

		good; very; very much	to know; to be aware
simp. and trad. (良知)		良	知

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): liángzhī

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄓ
Cantonese (Jyutping): loeng⁴ zi¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): liông-ti / liâng-ti

(Teochew, Peng'im): liang⁵ zai¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: liángzhī
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄓ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: liángjhih
  - Wade–Giles: liang²-chih¹
  - Yale: lyáng-jr̄
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liangjy
  - Palladius: лянчжи (ljančži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)⁺
  - Jyutping: loeng⁴ zi¹
  - Yale: lèuhng jī
  - Cantonese Pinyin: loeng⁴ dzi¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: lêng⁴ ji¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lœːŋ²¹ t͡siː⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liông-ti
  - Tâi-lô: liông-ti
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liongdy
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ti³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɔŋ²³⁻³³ ti⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /liɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ti⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /liɔŋ²⁴⁻²² ti⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liâng-ti
  - Tâi-lô: liâng-ti
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liangdy
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liaŋ¹³⁻²² ti⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liaŋ²³⁻³³ ti⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: liang⁵ zai¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: liâng tsai
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sai³³/

Middle Chinese: ljang trje

Rime
Character	良	知
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	呂章切	陟移切
Baxter	ljang	trje
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨɐŋ/	/ʈiᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/liɐŋ/	/ʈiɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/liɑŋ/	/ȶjɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɨaŋ/	/ʈiə̆/
Li Rong	/liaŋ/	/ȶie/
Wang Li	/lĭaŋ/	/ȶǐe/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li̯aŋ/	/ȶie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liáng	zhī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	loeng⁴	zi¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]aŋ tre/

(Zhengzhang): /*raŋ ʔl'e/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	良	知
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	liáng	zhī
Middle Chinese	‹ ljang ›	‹ trje ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]aŋ/	/*tre/
English	good	know
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	良	知
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	8046	11495
Phonetic component	良	矢
Rime group	陽	支
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*raŋ/	/*ʔl'e/
Notes	甲金文象宮外兩邊有廊爲廊初文，王侍從常在廊，遂稱之良或郎得貴官義	沈兼士依韻會所引說文從口矢聲

Noun

良知

innate sense of right and wrong; innate knowledge; conscience
喚醒人們的良知／唤醒人们的良知 ― huànxǐng rénmen de liángzhī ― to awaken the conscience of people
- 人之所不學而能者，其良能也。所不慮而知者，其良知也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  人之所不学而能者，其良能也。所不虑而知者，其良知也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE
  Rén zhī suǒ bù xué ér néng zhě, qí liángnéng yě. Suǒ bù lǜ ér zhī zhě, qí liángzhī yě. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(literary) bosom friend
- 我志誰與亮？賞心惟良知。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  我志谁与亮？赏心惟良知。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 423, Xie Lingyun, 《遊南亭》
  Wǒ zhì shéi yǔ liàng? Shǎngxīn wéi liángzhī. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

(conscience):

人心 (rénxīn)
人性 (rénxìng)
天良 (tiānliáng)
本心 (běnxīn)
良心 (liángxīn)
靈魂 / 灵魂 (línghún)

(bosom friend):

友好 (yǒuhǎo)
同袍 (tóngpáo) (literary)
執友 / 执友 (zhíyǒu) (literary)
好友 (hǎoyǒu)
相知 (xiāngzhī)
知交 (zhījiāo)
知友 (zhīyǒu)
知己 (zhījǐ)
知心 (zhīxīn)
知心朋友 (zhīxīn péngyou)
知言 (zhīyán) (literary)
知遇 (zhīyù) (literary)
知音 (zhīyīn)
良朋 (liángpéng) (literary)
高朋 (gāopéng) (literary)
齒輪 / 齿轮 (ci³ nen²) (Sichuanese)

Derived terms

良知良能

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (良知):

→ Korean: 량지(良知) (ryangji), 양지(良知) (yangji)
→ Vietnamese: lương tri (良知)