諸侯

See also: 诸侯

Chinese

		all; many; various	marquis
trad. (諸侯)		諸	侯
simp. (诸侯)		诸	侯

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhūhóu

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄏㄡˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zyu¹ hau⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chû-hèu

(Hailu, HRS): zhu^ˋ heu
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zy¹ hieo²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chir-hiô / chu-hô͘
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹tsy-gheu₆

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhūhóu
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄏㄡˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhuhóu
  - Wade–Giles: chu¹-hou²
  - Yale: jū-hóu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juhour
  - Palladius: чжухоу (čžuxou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵ xoʊ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)⁺
  - Jyutping: zyu¹ hau⁴
  - Yale: jyū hàuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzy¹ hau⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ju¹ heo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡syː⁵⁵ hɐu̯²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chû-hèu
  - Hakka Romanization System: zu^ˊ heu^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zu¹ heu²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡su²⁴ heu̯¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: zhu^ˋ heu
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃu⁵³ heu⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zy¹ hieo² [Phonetic: zy⁵ hieo²]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cṳ-há̤u
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sy⁵³³⁻¹¹ hieu¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zy¹ hieo² [Phonetic: zy⁵ hieo²]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sy⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ hieu²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chir-hiô
  - Tâi-lô: tsir-hiô
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ³³ hio²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chu-hô͘
  - Tâi-lô: tsu-hôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zu'hoo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² hɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡su⁴⁴⁻²² hɔ¹³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹tsy-gheu₆
  - MiniDict: tsy^平 gheu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tsr-hheu₃
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sz̩⁵⁵ ɦɤ²¹/

Middle Chinese: tsyo huw

Rime
Character	諸	侯
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	章魚切	戸鉤切
Baxter	tsyo	huw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨʌ/	/ɦəu/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɔ/	/ɦəu/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiɔ/	/ɣəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cɨə̆/	/ɦəw/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiɔ/	/ɣu/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭo/	/ɣəu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯wo/	/ɣə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhū	hóu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zyu¹	hau⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ta [ɡ]ˤ(r)o/

(Zhengzhang): /*tjaː ɡoː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	諸	侯
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhū	hóu
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyo ›	‹ huw ›
Old Chinese	/*ta/	/*[ɡ]ˁ(r)o/
English	many	feudal lord
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	諸	侯
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	16959	5139
Phonetic component	者	侯
Rime group	魚	侯
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	遮
Old Chinese	/*tjaː/	/*ɡoː/
Notes		矦隸變

Noun

諸侯

(historical) feudal lord; feudal vassal; member of the Chinese nobility

Synonyms

百辟 (bǎibì)
列侯 (lièhóu)

Derived terms

五諸侯 / 五诸侯
八百諸侯 / 八百诸侯
十二諸侯 / 十二诸侯
命諸侯 / 命诸侯
挾天子以令諸侯 / 挟天子以令诸侯 (xié tiānzǐ yǐ lìng zhūhóu)
挾天子令諸侯 / 挟天子令诸侯
挾天子而令諸侯 / 挟天子而令诸侯
東諸侯 / 东诸侯
猥諸侯 / 猥诸侯
諸侯國 / 诸侯国 (zhūhóuguó)
諸侯王 / 诸侯王
諸侯長 / 诸侯长

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (諸侯):

→ Japanese: 諸侯(しょこう) (shokō)
→ Korean: 제후(諸侯) (jehu)
→ Vietnamese: chư hầu (諸侯)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
諸	侯
しょ Grade: 6	こう Grade: S
kan'on

Alternative spelling
諸侯 (kyūjitai)

Etymology

諸 (pluralizing prefix) +‎ 侯 (“nobleman; marquis”)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しょこー [shóꜜkòò] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [ɕo̞ko̞ː]

Noun

諸(しょ)侯(こう) • (shokō)

(historical, feudalism) noblemen, especially those with familial ties to an East Asian 皇帝 (kōtei, “huangdi; emperor”), who were ranked by the 五爵 (goshaku, “five ranks”)

References

“諸侯”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025