Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/ʀaya

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *ʀaya.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʀaja/, /raja/

Adjective

*ʀaya

big, large

Descendants

Greater Barito
- Sama–Bajaw: *hayə
  - Inabaknon: haya
  - Yakan: hadje
  - Inner Sulu
    - Central Sama: heya
    - Southern Sama: heya
  - Borneo Coast
    - West Coast Bajau: oyo
- West Barito
  - Ngaju: hai
  - Bakumpai: hai
- Mahakam
  - Tunjung: haja'
North Bornean
- Northeast Sabahan
  - Ida'an: gajo
  - Bonggi: gia
- Southwest Sabahan
  - Dusunic
    - Central Dusun: gayo
    - Kadazan
      - Coastal Kadazan: gazo
      - Labuk-Kinabatangan Kadazan: gajo
    - Momogun
      - Rungus: gazo
      - Kimaragang: gayo
      - Tobilung: gayo
    - Bisaya–Lotud
      - Lotud: gayo
      - Sabah Bisaya: gayuh
  - Paitanic
    - Tombonuo: ayo
    - Upper Kinabatangan: ayo
  - Murutic
    - Timugon Murut: gayo
    - Tagal Murut: ayo
    - Paluan: ayo
    - Tatana: gayo
- Bolongan: raya
- North Sarawakan
  - Berawan–Lower Baram
    - Berawan: kijih
    - Lower Baram
      - Belait: rejeh
      - Narom: aja'
  - Dayic
    - Lun Bawang: rayeh
    - Kelabitic
      - Kelabit: rayeh
      - Sa'ban: rah
      - Tring: layah
  - Bintulu: azeh
- Central Sarawakan
  - Kajang
    - Sian: ayo'
  - Punan
    - Punan Aput: ayo'
    - Punan Tubu: ayo'
    - Punan Bah-Biau: ayo'
    - Ukit: ajo'
Kayanic
- Rejang Kayan: aya'
Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands
- Proto-Batak: *raya
  - Dairi Batak: raya
  - Karo Batak: raya
  - Toba Batak: rea
- Gayo: raya
Rejang: lai, loi
Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan: *raya
- Proto-Chamic: *raya
  - Acehnese: rayeuk
  - Coastal Chamic
    - Haroi: lơyưa
    - Cham
      - Eastern Cham: raya / ꨣꨢꨩ
      - Western Cham: raya / رايا
- Proto-Malayic: *raya
  - Ibanic
    - Iban: raya
  - Western Malayic Dayak
    - Kendayan: aya'
  - Nuclear Malayic
    - Banjarese: raya
    - Malay: raya
      - Indonesian: raya
      - → Javanese: raya
      - → Madurese: rajâ
    - Brunei Malay: raya
    - Central Malay: rayo, ghayo
    - Minangkabau: rayo
    - Pattani Malay: غاياوْ / รฺายอ (ṛayɔ)
- Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa
  - Balinese: aya / ᬳᬬ
  - Sumbawa: rea
- Madurese: rajâ
- Old Sundanese: raya
  - Sundanese: raya
Central Malayo-Polynesian
- Flores–Lembata
  - Kedang: ria
- Central Maluku
  - Buru (Indonesia): haa
  - Taliabu: haya

References

Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*Raya”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
Smith, A. (2017), The Languages of Borneo: A Comprehensive Classification, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa