Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/axʷ

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstruction

*ad(ə), *adʲ(ə) (per Werner 2002)
*ad, *aj (per Vajda-Werner 2022)
*aɟ (per Cologne group 2024. Pattern: ?-t.2)

Etymology

Perhaps composed of *xʷa (generic pronoun base) +‎ *-xʷ (fossilized first person singular suffix^?).

Pronoun

*xʷa-xʷ (plural *axʷ-Vŋ)

I, me, first person singular pronoun

Descendants

Ketic:
- Imbak Ket: áde (M., W.), ad (Ad.), dɨ (Kl.)
  - Ket: ат (āˑd)
- Yug: ат (at, ăt)
Kottic:
- Assan: aj (M., W., Kl.), ja (Kl.)
- Kott: aj (M., W., Kl.), ai (C.), ja (Kl.)
Arinic:
- Arin: aj (M., W., Kl.), ä (Kl.)
Pumpokolic:
- Pumpokol: ad (Kl.)

Hill, Eugen; Fries, Simon; Korobzow, Natalie; Günther, Laura; Svenja, Bonmann (2024), “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎^[1], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 236 of 216-293
Fortescue, Michael; Vajda, Edward (2022), “~*axʷ/~*axʷ-ŋʷ/*axʷ-ŋʷ-xa”, in Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 408
Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), “*ab/*abʌ”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, pages 4-5
Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), “*ad/*aj”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, pages 8-9
Werner, Heinrich (2002), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 72