Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/qid

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

  • *keˀt (per Werner 2002)
  • *kʰeˀt (per Vajda-Werner 2022)
  • *qed (per Fortescue-Vajda 2022)
  • *xet (per Cologne group 2023 & 2024. Pattern: k.1-t.1)

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

*qid (irregular plural *ɟen-Vŋ)

  1. (sociology) man, person, human being (not necessarily male)

Descendants

  • Ketic:
    • Imbak Ket: keːt (M., W.), ket (VW., Ad.)
    • Ostyak Yug: ket (M.)
      • Yug: кэʼт (kɛˀt)
  • Kottic:
    • Assan: hit (M., W., Kl., VW.), hɨt (Kl.)
    • Kott: hit, het (C.), xit (H.)
      • ⇒ Kott: ilit (M., W., Kl., VW.)
  • Arinic:
    • Arin: kit (H.), qit (M., W., Kl.), k'it (VW.)
    • >? Jie: 羯 (*kjot /⁠*kɨat̚⁠/, “Jié people”, ethnonym)[1][2]
  • Pumpokolic:
    • Pumpokol: kit (M., W., VW., Kl.)
  • →? Proto-Selkup: *ke̮ćə
    • Southern Selkup: каҗь (kaǯ’, “slave, servant, worker”)

See also

  • Proto-Yeniseian entry guidelines § Bibliography

References

  1. ^ Vovin, Alexander; Vajda, Edward; de la Vaissière, Étienne (2016), “Who Were the *Kjet (羯) and What Language Did They Speak?”, in Journal Asiatique‎[1], volume 304, number 1, →DOI
  2. ^ Bonmann, Svenja; Fries, Simon (2025), “Linguistic Evidence Suggests That Xiōng-nú and Huns Spoke the Same Paleo-Siberian Language”, in Transactions of the Philological Society‎[2], volume 0, →DOI, pages 1-24

Further reading

  • Bonmann, Svenja; Fries, Simon; Korobzow, Natalie; Günther, Laura; Hill, Eugen (2023), “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part I: Word-Initial Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[3], number 5, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 55 of 39-82
  • Hill, Eugen; Fries, Simon; Korobzow, Natalie; Günther, Laura; Svenja, Bonmann (2024), “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[4], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 234 of 216-293
  • Fortescue, Michael; Vajda, Edward (2022), Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[5], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 268
  • Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), “*kʰeˀt (1, 2, 3)”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, pages 464-465
  • Vajda, Edward (2024), The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[6], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 377, 388
  • Vajda, Edward (2024), “*qid (Table 18)”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[7], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 422
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002), “²kɛˀt (I, II)”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, pages 420-421
  • Werner, Heinrich (2005), “man (human being)”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 308
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