Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/xʷad

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains original research. The reconstruction in this entry is based on published research, but the specific form presented here is not found in prior works.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

  • *qad, *ad (per Werner 2002)
  • *Hadu, *qadu (per Vajda-Werner 2022)

Etymology

Perhaps composed of *xʷa (generic pronoun base) +‎ *-d (fossilized third person singular suffix?).

Pronoun

*xʷad (plural *xʷad-ja-n)

  1. he, she, they; him, her, them; third person singular animate pronoun
    Synonym: *wu (third person singular animate pronoun)

Descendants

  • Kottic:
    • ⇒ Kott: hatú (W.), xatu m (M., Kl.)
    • ⇒ Kott: hata (W.), xata f (M.)
  • Arinic:
    • Arin: au (M., W.), xatu m (Kl.)
  • Pumpokolic:
    • Pumpokol: ádu m (M., W.)

See also

  • Proto-Yeniseian entry guidelines § Bibliography

Further reading

  • Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), “*Hadu”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 1, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 320
  • Vajda, Edward (2024), The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[1], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 431
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002), “hatú”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 1, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 308
  • Werner, Heinrich (2005), “he”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 301
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