circumdo

Latin

Etymology

Possibly from circum- (“around”) +‎ -dō/-dere (“put”) subsequently remodelled to circum- +‎ dō/dare (“give”).[1]

Pronunciation

Verb

circumdō (present infinitive circumdare, perfect active circumdedī, supine circumdatum); first conjugation, irregular short ă in most forms

  1. to surround, enclose, encircle
    Synonyms: circumveniō, circumeō, circumsistō, claudō, obsideō, assideō, circumsaepiō, stīpō, complector, amplector, saepiō
    • c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca the Younger, Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium 47.2:
      Itaque rīdeō istōs quī turpe exīstimant cum servō suō cēnāre: quārē, nisi quia superbissima cōnsuētūdō cēnantī dominō stantium servōrum turbam circumdedit.
      And so I laugh at those who think it’s beneath them to dine with their own slaves. Why? Only because arrogant custom has surrounded the dining master with a crowd of standing slaves.

Conjugation

   Conjugation of circumdō (first conjugation, irregular short ă in most forms)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present circumdō circumdās circumdat circumdamus circumdatis circumdant
imperfect circumdabam circumdabās circumdabat circumdabāmus circumdabātis circumdabant
future circumdabō circumdabis circumdabit circumdabimus circumdabitis circumdabunt
perfect circumdedī circumdedistī circumdedit circumdedimus circumdedistis circumdedērunt,
circumdedēre
pluperfect circumdederam circumdederās circumdederat circumdederāmus circumdederātis circumdederant
future perfect circumdederō circumdederis circumdederit circumdederimus circumdederitis circumdederint
passive present circumdor circumdaris,
circumdare 		circumdatur circumdamur circumdaminī circumdantur
imperfect circumdabar circumdabāris,
circumdabāre 		circumdabātur circumdabāmur circumdabāminī circumdabantur
future circumdabor circumdaberis,
circumdabere 		circumdabitur circumdabimur circumdabiminī circumdabuntur
perfect circumdatus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect circumdatus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect circumdatus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present circumdem circumdēs circumdet circumdēmus circumdētis circumdent
imperfect circumdarem circumdarēs circumdaret circumdarēmus circumdarētis circumdarent
perfect circumdederim circumdederīs circumdederit circumdederīmus circumdederītis circumdederint
pluperfect circumdedissem circumdedissēs circumdedisset circumdedissēmus circumdedissētis circumdedissent
passive present circumder circumdēris,
circumdēre 		circumdētur circumdēmur circumdēminī circumdentur
imperfect circumdarer circumdarēris,
circumdarēre 		circumdarētur circumdarēmur circumdarēminī circumdarentur
perfect circumdatus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect circumdatus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — circumdā — — circumdate —
future — circumdatō circumdatō — circumdatōte circumdantō
passive present — circumdare — — circumdaminī —
future — circumdator circumdator — — circumdantor
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present circumdare circumdarī circumdāns —
future circumdatūrum esse circumdatum īrī circumdatūrus circumdandus
perfect circumdedisse circumdatum esse — circumdatus
future perfect — circumdatum fore — —
perfect potential circumdatūrum fuisse — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
circumdandī circumdandō circumdandum circumdandō circumdatum circumdatū

Descendants

  • Catalan: circumdar
  • Friulian: circundâ
  • Galician: circundar
  • Italian: circondare
  • Portuguese: circundar
  • Spanish: circundar

References

  • “circumdo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “circumdo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “circumdo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “-dō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 175
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