galw
Welsh
Etymology
From Proto-Brythonic *gėlwɨd, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰel-.[1] Cognate with English call, Latin gallus (“rooster”).[2]
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈɡalu/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈɡaːlu/, /ˈɡalu/
Verb
galw (first-person singular present galwaf)
- to call
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | galwaf | gelwi | geilw | galwn | gelwch, galwch | galwant | gelwir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | galwn | galwit | galwai | galwem | galwech | galwent | gelwid | |
| preterite | gelwais | gelwaist | galwodd | galwasom | galwasoch | galwasant | galwyd | |
| pluperfect | galwaswn | galwasit | galwasai | galwasem | galwasech | galwasent | galwasid, galwesid | |
| present subjunctive | galwyf | gelwych | galwo | galwom | galwoch | galwont | galwer | |
| imperative | — | galw, galwa | galwed | galwn | gelwch, galwch | galwent | galwer | |
| verbal noun | galw | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | galwedig galwadwy | |||||||
| inflected colloquial forms |
singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | galwa i, galwaf i |
galwi di | galwith o/e/hi, galwiff e/hi |
galwn ni | galwch chi | galwan nhw |
| conditional | galwn i, galwswn i |
galwet ti, galwset ti |
galwai fo/fe/hi, galwsai fo/fe/hi |
galwen ni, galwsen ni |
galwech chi, galwsech chi |
galwen nhw, galwsen nhw |
| preterite | galwais i, galwes i |
galwaist ti, galwest ti |
galwodd o/e/hi | galwon ni | galwoch chi | galwon nhw |
| imperative | — | galwa | — | — | galwch | — |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.
Derived terms
- adalw (“to recall”)
- galw'n ôl (“to call back”)
- galw heibio (“call at, stop in, drop by”)
- galw ymaith (“to call away”)
- galw ynghyd (“to convene”)
- galwad (“calling, summoning”)
- galwedig (“called, summoned”)
References
- ^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “galw”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
- ^ Morris Jones, John (1913), A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 202 v
Further reading
- D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “galw”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin