iragura

Tooro

Etymology

Inherited from Common Bantu *-jídagʊda.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /iɾaɡúɾa/

Verb

-iragura (infinitive okwiragura) (intransitive)

  1. to be black; to become black
  2. to be dirty; to become dirty

Conjugation

Conjugation of -iragura
infinitives
affirmative okwiragura
negative okutairagura
imperatives
affirmative iragura
negative (see second-person negative subjunctive forms)
tense polarity basic forms relative forms1
present habitual affirmative
subject concord + -iragura
person noun class singular plural
first person nyiragura twiragura
second person oiragura mwiragura
third person 1/2 airagura bairagura
3/4 gwiragura iragura
5/6 liiragura gairagura
7/8 kiiragura biiragura
9/10 iragura ziiragura
11/10 rwiragura
12/14 kairagura bwiragura
13 — twiragura
14/6 bwiragura gairagura
15/6 kwiragura
16 hairagura —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -iragura
person noun class singular plural
first person tinyiragura titwiragura
second person toiragura timwiragura
third person 1/2 tairagura tibairagura
3/4 tigwiragura tiiragura
5/6 tiriiragura tigairagura
7/8 tikiiragura tibiiragura
9/10 tiiragura tiziiragura
11/10 tirwiragura
12/14 tikairagura tibwiragura
13 — titwiragura
14/6 tibwiragura tigairagura
15/6 tikwiragura
16 tihairagura —
subject concord + -tairagura
present continuous affirmative
ni- + subject concord + -iragura
person noun class singular plural
first person ninyiragura nitwiragura
second person nooiragura nimwiragura
third person 1/2 naairagura nibairagura
3/4 nigwiragura niiragura
5/6 niriiragura nigairagura
7/8 nikiiragura nibiiragura
9/10 niiragura niziiragura
11/10 nirwiragura
12/14 nikairagura nibwiragura
13 — nitwiragura
14/6 nibwiragura nigairagura
15/6 nikwiragura
16 nihairagura —
subject concord + -rukwiragura
negative
ti- + subject concord + -rukwiragura
person noun class singular plural
first person tindukwiragura titurukwiragura
second person torukwiragura timurukwiragura
third person 1/2 tarukwiragura tibarukwiragura
3/4 tigurukwiragura terukwiragura
5/6 tirirukwiragura tigarukwiragura
7/8 tikirukwiragura tibirukwiragura
9/10 terukwiragura tizirukwiragura
11/10 tirurukwiragura
12/14 tikarukwiragura tiburukwiragura
13 — titurukwiragura
14/6 tiburukwiragura tigarukwiragura
15/6 tikurukwiragura
16 tiharukwiragura —
subject concord + -tarukwiragura
present continuative affirmative
ni- + subject concord + -kyairagura
person noun class singular plural
first person ninkyairagura nitukyairagura
second person nookyairagura nimukyairagura
third person 1/2 naakyairagura nibakyairagura
3/4 nigukyairagura neekyairagura
5/6 nirikyairagura nigakyairagura
7/8 nikikyairagura nibikyairagura
9/10 neekyairagura nizikyairagura
11/10 nirukyairagura
12/14 nikakyairagura nibukyairagura
13 — nitukyairagura
14/6 nibukyairagura nigakyairagura
15/6 nikukyairagura
16 nihakyairagura —
subject concord + -rukukyairagura
negative
ti- + subject concord + -kyairagura
person noun class singular plural
first person tinkyairagura titukyairagura
second person tokyairagura timukyairagura
third person 1/2 takyairagura tibakyairagura
3/4 tigukyairagura tekyairagura
5/6 tirikyairagura tigakyairagura
7/8 tikikyairagura tibikyairagura
9/10 tekyairagura tizikyairagura
11/10 tirukyairagura
12/14 tikakyairagura tibukyairagura
13 — titukyairagura
14/6 tibukyairagura tigakyairagura
15/6 tikukyairagura
16 tihakyairagura —
subject concord + -takyairagura
virtual present affirmative
subject concord + -airagura
person noun class singular plural
first person nairagura twairagura
second person wairagura mwairagura
third person 1/2 yairagura baairagura
3/4 gwairagura yairagura
5/6 lyairagura gaairagura
7/8 kyairagura byairagura
9/10 yairagura zaairagura
11/10 rwairagura
12/14 kaairagura bwairagura
13 — twairagura
14/6 bwairagura gaairagura
15/6 kwairagura
16 haairagura —
negative
ti- + subject concord + airagura
person noun class singular plural
first person tinairagura titwairagura
second person tiwairagura timwairagura
third person 1/2 tiyairagura tibaairagura
3/4 tigwairagura tiyairagura
5/6 tiryairagura tigaairagura
7/8 tikyairagura tibyairagura
9/10 tiyairagura tizaairagura
11/10 tirwairagura
12/14 tikaairagura tibwairagura
13 — titwairagura
14/6 tibwairagura tigaairagura
15/6 tikwairagura
16 tihaairagura —
subject concord + -taairagura
present perfect affirmative
subject concord + -iragwire
person noun class singular plural
first person nyiragwire twiragwire
second person oiragwire mwiragwire
third person 1/2 airagwire bairagwire
3/4 gwiragwire iragwire
5/6 liiragwire gairagwire
7/8 kiiragwire biiragwire
9/10 iragwire ziiragwire
11/10 rwiragwire
12/14 kairagwire bwiragwire
13 — twiragwire
14/6 bwiragwire gairagwire
15/6 kwiragwire
16 hairagwire —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -iragwire
person noun class singular plural
first person tinyiragwire titwiragwire
second person toiragwire timwiragwire
third person 1/2 tairagwire tibairagwire
3/4 tigwiragwire tiiragwire
5/6 tiriiragwire tigairagwire
7/8 tikiiragwire tibiiragwire
9/10 tiiragwire tiziiragwire
11/10 tirwiragwire
12/14 tikairagwire tibwiragwire
13 — titwiragwire
14/6 tibwiragwire tigairagwire
15/6 tikwiragwire
16 tihairagwire —
subject concord + -tairagwire
near perfective affirmative
subject concord + -akairagura
person noun class singular plural
first person nakairagura twakairagura
second person wakairagura mwakairagura
third person 1/2 yakairagura baakairagura
3/4 gwakairagura yakairagura
5/6 lyakairagura gaakairagura
7/8 kyakairagura byakairagura
9/10 yakairagura zaakairagura
11/10 rwakairagura
12/14 kaakairagura bwakairagura
13 — twakairagura
14/6 bwakairagura gaakairagura
15/6 kwakairagura
16 haakairagura —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -kairagwire
person noun class singular plural
first person tinkairagwire titukairagwire
second person tokairagwire timukairagwire
third person 1/2 takairagwire tibakairagwire
3/4 tigukairagwire tekairagwire
5/6 tirikairagwire tigakairagwire
7/8 tikikairagwire tibikairagwire
9/10 tekairagwire tizikairagwire
11/10 tirukairagwire
12/14 tikakairagwire tibukairagwire
13 — titukairagwire
14/6 tibukairagwire tigakairagwire
15/6 tikukairagwire
16 tihakairagwire —
subject concord + -takairagwire
near past affirmative
subject concord + -iragwirege
person noun class singular plural
first person nyiragwirege twiragwirege
second person oiragwirege mwiragwirege
third person 1/2 airagwirege bairagwirege
3/4 gwiragwirege iragwirege
5/6 liiragwirege gairagwirege
7/8 kiiragwirege biiragwirege
9/10 iragwirege ziiragwirege
11/10 rwiragwirege
12/14 kairagwirege bwiragwirege
13 — twiragwirege
14/6 bwiragwirege gairagwirege
15/6 kwiragwirege
16 hairagwirege —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -iragwirege
person noun class singular plural
first person tinyiragwirege titwiragwirege
second person toiragwirege timwiragwirege
third person 1/2 tairagwirege tibairagwirege
3/4 tigwiragwirege tiiragwirege
5/6 tiriiragwirege tigairagwirege
7/8 tikiiragwirege tibiiragwirege
9/10 tiiragwirege tiziiragwirege
11/10 tirwiragwirege
12/14 tikairagwirege tibwiragwirege
13 — titwiragwirege
14/6 tibwiragwirege tigairagwirege
15/6 tikwiragwirege
16 tihairagwirege —
subject concord + -tairagwirege
remote past affirmative
subject concord + -kairagura
person noun class singular plural
first person nkairagura tukairagura
second person okairagura mukairagura
third person 1/2 akairagura bakairagura
3/4 gukairagura ekairagura
5/6 likairagura gakairagura
7/8 kikairagura bikairagura
9/10 ekairagura zikairagura
11/10 rukairagura
12/14 kakairagura bukairagura
13 — tukairagura
14/6 bukairagura gakairagura
15/6 kukairagura
16 hakairagura —
subject concord + -airagwire
negative
subject concord + -tairagule
person noun class singular plural
first person ntairagule tutairagule
second person otairagule mutairagule
third person 1/2 atairagule batairagule
3/4 gutairagule etairagule
5/6 litairagule gatairagule
7/8 kitairagule bitairagule
9/10 etairagule ziitairagule
11/10 rutairagule
12/14 katairagule butairagule
13 — tutairagule
14/6 butairagule gatairagule
15/6 kutairagule
16 hatairagule —
subject concord + -tarairagwire
experiential perfective affirmative
subject concord + -rairagwire
person noun class singular plural
first person ndairagwire turairagwire
second person orairagwire murairagwire
third person 1/2 arairagwire barairagwire
3/4 gurairagwire erairagwire
5/6 lirairagwire garairagwire
7/8 kirairagwire birairagwire
9/10 erairagwire zirairagwire
11/10 rurairagwire
12/14 karairagwire burairagwire
13 — turairagwire
14/6 burairagwire garairagwire
15/6 kurairagwire
16 harairagwire —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -kairaguraga
person noun class singular plural
first person tinkairaguraga titukairaguraga
second person tokairaguraga timukairaguraga
third person 1/2 takairaguraga tibakairaguraga
3/4 tigukairaguraga tekairaguraga
5/6 tirikairaguraga tigakairaguraga
7/8 tikikairaguraga tibikairaguraga
9/10 tekairaguraga tizikairaguraga
11/10 tirukairaguraga
12/14 tikakairaguraga tibukairaguraga
13 — titukairaguraga
14/6 tibukairaguraga tigakairaguraga
15/6 tikukairaguraga
16 tihakairaguraga —
subject concord + -takairaguraga
cessative perfective affirmative
subject concord + -airagwire
person noun class singular plural
first person nairagwire twairagwire
second person wairagwire mwairagwire
third person 1/2 yairagwire bairagwire
3/4 gwairagwire yairagwire
5/6 lyairagwire gairagwire
7/8 kyairagwire byairagwire
9/10 yairagwire zairagwire
11/10 rwairagwire
12/14 kairagwire bwairagwire
13 — twairagwire
14/6 bwairagwire gairagwire
15/6 kwairagwire
16 hairagwire —
past habitual affirmative
subject concord + -airaguraga
person noun class singular plural
first person nairaguraga twairaguraga
second person wairaguraga mwairaguraga
third person 1/2 yairaguraga baairaguraga
3/4 gwairaguraga yairaguraga
5/6 lyairaguraga gaairaguraga
7/8 kyairaguraga byairaguraga
9/10 yairaguraga zaairaguraga
11/10 rwairaguraga
12/14 kaairaguraga bwairaguraga
13 — twairaguraga
14/6 bwairaguraga gaairaguraga
15/6 kwairaguraga
16 haairaguraga —
negative
ti- + subject concord + airaguraga
person noun class singular plural
first person tinairaguraga titwairaguraga
second person tiwairaguraga timwairaguraga
third person 1/2 tiyairaguraga tibaairaguraga
3/4 tigwairaguraga tiyairaguraga
5/6 tiryairaguraga tigaairaguraga
7/8 tikyairaguraga tibyairaguraga
9/10 tiyairaguraga tizaairaguraga
11/10 tirwairaguraga
12/14 tikaairaguraga tibwairaguraga
13 — titwairaguraga
14/6 tibwairaguraga tigaairaguraga
15/6 tikwairaguraga
16 tihaairaguraga —
subject concord + -taairaguraga
near future affirmative
subject concord + -rairagura
person noun class singular plural
first person ndairagura turairagura
second person orairagura murairagura
third person 1/2 arairagura barairagura
3/4 gurairagura erairagura
5/6 lirairagura garairagura
7/8 kirairagura birairagura
9/10 erairagura zirairagura
11/10 rurairagura
12/14 karairagura burairagura
13 — turairagura
14/6 burairagura garairagura
15/6 kurairagura
16 harairagura —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -airagule
person noun class singular plural
first person tinairagule titwairagule
second person tiwairagule timwairagule
third person 1/2 tiyairagule tibairagule
3/4 tigwairagule tiyairagule
5/6 tiryairagule tigairagule
7/8 tikyairagule tibyairagule
9/10 tiyairagule tizairagule
11/10 tirwairagule
12/14 tikairagule tibwairagule
13 — titwairagule
14/6 tibwairagule tigairagule
15/6 tikwairagule
16 tihairagule —
subject concord + -tairagule
remote future affirmative
subject concord + -liiragura
person noun class singular plural
first person ndiiragura tuliiragura
second person oliiragura muliiragura
third person 1/2 aliiragura baliiragura
3/4 guliiragura eriiragura
5/6 liriiragura galiiragura
7/8 kiriiragura biriiragura
9/10 eriiragura ziriiragura
11/10 ruliiragura
12/14 kaliiragura buliiragura
13 — tuliiragura
14/6 buliiragura galiiragura
15/6 kuliiragura
16 haliiragura —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -liiragura
person noun class singular plural
first person tindiiragura tituliiragura
second person toliiragura timuliiragura
third person 1/2 taliiragura tibaliiragura
3/4 tiguliiragura teriiragura
5/6 tiririiragura tigaliiragura
7/8 tikiriiragura tibiriiragura
9/10 teriiragura tiziriiragura
11/10 tiruliiragura
12/14 tikaliiragura tibuliiragura
13 — tituliiragura
14/6 tibuliiragura tigaliiragura
15/6 tikuliiragura
16 tihaliiragura —
subject concord + -taliiragura
future habitual affirmative
subject concord + -rairaguraga
person noun class singular plural
first person ndairaguraga turairaguraga
second person orairaguraga murairaguraga
third person 1/2 arairaguraga barairaguraga
3/4 gurairaguraga erairaguraga
5/6 lirairaguraga garairaguraga
7/8 kirairaguraga birairaguraga
9/10 erairaguraga zirairaguraga
11/10 rurairaguraga
12/14 karairaguraga burairaguraga
13 — turairaguraga
14/6 burairaguraga garairaguraga
15/6 kurairaguraga
16 harairaguraga —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -airagulege
person noun class singular plural
first person tinairagulege titwairagulege
second person tiwairagulege timwairagulege
third person 1/2 tiyairagulege tibairagulege
3/4 tigwairagulege tiyairagulege
5/6 tiryairagulege tigairagulege
7/8 tikyairagulege tibyairagulege
9/10 tiyairagulege tizairagulege
11/10 tirwairagulege
12/14 tikairagulege tibwairagulege
13 — titwairagulege
14/6 tibwairagulege tigairagulege
15/6 tikwairagulege
16 tihairagulege —
subject concord + -tairagulege
subjunctive affirmative
subject concord + iragule
person noun class singular plural
first person nyiragule twiragule
second person oiragule mwiragule
third person 1/2 airagule bairagule
3/4 gwiragule iragule
5/6 liiragule gairagule
7/8 kiiragule biiragule
9/10 iragule ziiragule
11/10 rwiragule
12/14 kairagule bwiragule
13 — twiragule
14/6 bwiragule gairagule
15/6 kwiragule
16 hairagule —
negative
subject concord + -tairagura
person noun class singular plural
first person ntairagura tutairagura
second person otairagura mutairagura
third person 1/2 atairagura batairagura
3/4 gutairagura etairagura
5/6 litairagura gatairagura
7/8 kitairagura bitairagura
9/10 etairagura zitairagura
11/10 rutairagura
12/14 katairagura butairagura
13 — tutairagura
14/6 butairagura gatairagura
15/6 kutairagura
16 hatairagura —
—
subjunctive habitual affirmative
subject concord + iragulege
person noun class singular plural
first person nyiragulege twiragulege
second person oiragulege mwiragulege
third person 1/2 airagulege bairagulege
3/4 gwiragulege iragulege
5/6 liiragulege gairagulege
7/8 kiiragulege biiragulege
9/10 iragulege ziiragulege
11/10 rwiragulege
12/14 kairagulege bwiragulege
13 — twiragulege
14/6 bwiragulege gairagulege
15/6 kwiragulege
16 hairagulege —
hypothetical affirmative
subject concord + -aakwiragura
person noun class singular plural
first person naakwiragura twakwiragura
second person waakwiragura mwakwiragura
third person 1/2 yaakwiragura baakwiragura
3/4 gwakwiragura yaakwiragura
5/6 lyakwiragura gaakwiragura
7/8 kyakwiragura byakwiragura
9/10 yaakwiragura zaakwiragura
11/10 rwakwiragura
12/14 kaakwiragura bwakwiragura
13 — twakwiragura
14/6 bwakwiragura gaakwiragura
15/6 kwakwiragura
16 haakwiragura —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -aakwiragura
person noun class singular plural
first person tinaakwiragura titwakwiragura
second person tiwaakwiragura timwakwiragura
third person 1/2 tiyaakwiragura tibaakwiragura
3/4 tigwakwiragura tiyaakwiragura
5/6 tiryakwiragura tigaakwiragura
7/8 tikyakwiragura tibyakwiragura
9/10 tiyaakwiragura tizaakwiragura
11/10 tirwakwiragura
12/14 tikaakwiragura tibwakwiragura
13 — titwakwiragura
14/6 tibwakwiragura tigaakwiragura
15/6 tikwakwiragura
16 tihaakwiragura —
subject concord + -taakwiragura
conditional affirmative
subject concord + -aakwiragwire
person noun class singular plural
first person naakwiragwire twakwiragwire
second person waakwiragwire mwakwiragwire
third person 1/2 yaakwiragwire baakwiragwire
3/4 gwakwiragwire yaakwiragwire
5/6 lyakwiragwire gaakwiragwire
7/8 kyakwiragwire byakwiragwire
9/10 yaakwiragwire zaakwiragwire
11/10 rwakwiragwire
12/14 kaakwiragwire bwakwiragwire
13 — twakwiragwire
14/6 bwakwiragwire gaakwiragwire
15/6 kwakwiragwire
16 haakwiragwire —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -aakwiragwire
person noun class singular plural
first person tinaakwiragwire titwakwiragwire
second person tiwaakwiragwire timwakwiragwire
third person 1/2 tiyaakwiragwire tibaakwiragwire
3/4 tigwakwiragwire tiyaakwiragwire
5/6 tiryakwiragwire tigaakwiragwire
7/8 tikyakwiragwire tibyakwiragwire
9/10 tiyaakwiragwire tizaakwiragwire
11/10 tirwakwiragwire
12/14 tikaakwiragwire tibwakwiragwire
13 — titwakwiragwire
14/6 tibwakwiragwire tigaakwiragwire
15/6 tikwakwiragwire
16 tihaakwiragwire —
subject concord + -taakwiragwire

1 The forms in this column are reduced relative forms; full relative forms require an augment before the subject concord.


Derived terms

  • Verbal derivations:
    • Causative: -iraguza (“to blacken; dirten”)

See also

Colors in Tooro · erangi (layout · text)
     -era      kibuubi      -iragura, kikara
             -tukura, -nanata              rutanga; kitaka              kyenju
                          kijubu, kinyansi             
                                       bururu
                          kakobe             

References

  • Kaji, Shigeki (2007), A Rutooro Vocabulary‎[1], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 397
  • Rubongoya, L. T. (2013), Katondogorozi y'Orunyoro-Rutooro n'Orungereza [Runyoro–Rutooro-English and English-Runyoro–Rutooro dictionary]‎[2], Kampala: Modrug Publishers, →ISBN, page 140
  • Entry 6145 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3
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