kukkuda
Ludian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *kukkudak. Cognates include Finnish kukkua.
Verb
kukkuda
- to cuckoo
Conjugation
| Conjugation of kukkuda (type I-4/kuluda, kk-k gradation) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative | |||||
| Present | Perfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | kukun | en kuku | 1st singular | olen kukunu | en ole kukunu |
| 2nd singular | kukud | ed kuku | 2nd singular | oled kukunu | ed ole kukunu |
| 3rd singular | kukkuu | ei kuku | 3rd singular | on kukunu | ei ole kukunu |
| 1st plural | kukumme | emme kukkugoi | 1st plural | olemme kukunu | emme olgoi kukunu |
| 2nd plural | kukutte | ette kukkugoi | 2nd plural | olette kukunu | ette olgoi kukunu |
| 3rd plural | kukutah | ei kukuta | 3rd plural | oldah kukuttu | ei olda kukuttu |
| Imperfect | Pluperfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | kukuin | en kukunu | 1st singular | olin kukunu | en olnu kukunu |
| 2nd singular | kukuid | ed kukunu | 2nd singular | olid kukunu | ed olnu kukunu |
| 3rd singular | kukui | ei kukunu | 3rd singular | oli kukunu | ei olnu kukunu |
| 1st plural | kukuimme | emme kukuttu | 1st plural | olimme kukunu | emme olnu kukunu |
| 2nd plural | kukuitte | ette kukuttu | 2nd plural | olitte kukunu | ette olnu kukunu |
| 3rd plural | kukuttih | ei kukuttu | 3rd plural | oldih kukuttu | ei oldu kukuttu |
| Conditional | |||||
| Present | Perfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | kukkuižin | en kukkuiž | 1st singular | oližin kukunu | en oliž kukunu |
| 2nd singular | kukkuižid | ed kukkuiž | 2nd singular | oližid kukunu | ed oliž kukunu |
| 3rd singular | kukkuiž | ei kukkuiž | 3rd singular | oliž kukunu | ei oliž kukunu |
| 1st plural | kukkuižimme | emme kukkuiž | 1st plural | oližimme kukunu | emme oliž kukunu |
| 2nd plural | kukkuižitte | ette kukkuiž | 2nd plural | oližitte kukunu | ette oliž kukunu |
| 3rd plural | kukutaiž | ei kukutaiž | 3rd plural | oldaiž kukuttu | ei oldaiž kukuttu |
| Imperfect | Pluperfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | kukunuižin | en kukunuiž | 1st singular | olnuižin kukunu | en olnuiž kukunu |
| 2nd singular | kukunuižid | ed kukunuiž | 2nd singular | olnuižid kukunu | ed olnuiž kukunu |
| 3rd singular | kukunuiž | ei kukunuiž | 3rd singular | olnuiž kukunu | ei olnuiž kukunu |
| 1st plural | kukunuižimme | emme kukunuiž | 1st plural | olnuižimme kukunu | emme olnuiž kukunu |
| 2nd plural | kukunuižitte | ette kukunuiž | 2nd plural | olnuižitte kukunu | ette olnuiž kukunu |
| 3rd plural | kukuttanuiž | ei kukuttanuiž | 3rd plural | oldanuiž kukuttu | ei oldanuiž kukuttu |
| Imperative | |||||
| Present | |||||
| positive | negative | ||||
| 1st singular | — | — | |||
| 2nd singular | kuku | ala kuku | |||
| 3rd singular | kukkugah | algah kukkugoi | |||
| 1st plural | kukkugam | algam kukkugoi | |||
| 2nd plural | kukkugat | algat kukkugoi | |||
| 3rd plural | kukutagah | aldagah kukkugoi | |||
| Potential | |||||
| Present | Perfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | kukunen | en kukune | 1st singular | lienen kukunu | en liene kukunu |
| 2nd singular | kukuned | ed kukune | 2nd singular | liened kukunu | ed liene kukunu |
| 3rd singular | kukunou | ei kukune | 3rd singular | lienou kukunu | ei liene kukunu |
| 1st plural | kukunemme | emme kukune | 1st plural | lienemme kukunu | emme liekoi kukunu |
| 2nd plural | kukunette | ette kukune | 2nd plural | lienette kukunu | ette liekoi kukunu |
| 3rd plural | kukuttaneh | ei kukuttane | 3rd plural | lietah kukuttu | ei liekoi kukuttu |
| Nominal forms | |||||
| Infinitives | Participles | ||||
| active | passive | ||||
| I | kukkuda | present | kukkuj | kukuttav | |
| II | inessive | kukkudes | past | kukunu | kukuttu |
| essive | kukkuden | ||||
| III | illative | kukkumah | |||
| inessive | kukkumas | ||||
| elative | kukkumaspiä | ||||
| adessive | kukkumal | ||||
| abessive | kukkumata | ||||
References
- M. Pahomov (2022), Lüüdi-venän, venä-lüüdin sanakirdʹ[1], Helsinki: Lüüdilaine Siebr, →ISBN
Veps
Verb
kukkuda
- to cuckoo
Inflection
| Inflection of kukkuda (inflection type 1/ujuda) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st infinitive | kukkuda | ||
| present indic. | kukkub | ||
| past indic. | kukkui | ||
| present indicative |
past indicative |
imperative | |
| 1st singular | kukkun | kukkuin | — |
| 2nd singular | kukkud | kukkuid | kukku |
| 3rd singular | kukkub | kukkui | kukkugaha |
| 1st plural | kukkum | kukkuim | kukkugam |
| 2nd plural | kukkut | kukkuit | kukkugat |
| 3rd plural | kukkudas kukkuba |
kukkuiba | kukkugaha |
| sing. conneg.1 | kukku | kukkund | kukku |
| plur. conneg. | kukkugoi | kukkunugoi | kukkugoi |
| present conditional |
past conditional |
potential | |
| 1st singular | kukkuižin | kukkunuižin | kukkunen |
| 2nd singular | kukkuižid | kukkunuižid | kukkuned |
| 3rd singular | kukkuiži | kukkunuiži | kukkuneb |
| 1st plural | kukkuižim | kukkunuižim | kukkunem |
| 2nd plural | kukkuižit | kukkunuižit | kukkunet |
| 3rd plural | kukkuižiba | kukkunuižiba | kukkuneba |
| connegative | kukkuiži | kukkunuiži | kukkune |
| non-finite forms | |||
| 1st infinitive | kukkuda | ||
| 2nd infinitive | 3rd infinitive | ||
| inessive | kukkudes | inessive | kukkumas |
| instructive | kukkuden | illative | kukkumaha |
| participles | elative | kukkumaspäi | |
| present active | kukkui | adessive | kukkumal |
| past active | kukkunu | abessive | kukkumat |
| past passive | kukkudud | ||
| 1 In imperative: used only in the second-person singular. The plural form is used with other persons. | |||