līvli
Livonian
Etymology
līv- + -li; according to Kallio (2021), the root līv- (akin also to Estonian liivi, Finnish liivi) was reborrowed from Middle Low German [Term?], which in turn was borrowed from an original Livonian term reflected in Salaca Livonian Līb, exhibiting a regular Low German sound change of intervocalic b > v. The forms with -v- are also the behind the name Leivu (i.e. the Gauja Estonians).[1]
EES, in turn, claims that the Livonian forms with -b- were borrowed from other languages, with lībi deriving from Latvian lībis and lībõ from German. In this case, -v- is original, and EES hypothetically connects this to Proto-Finnic *liiva (“sand”) or Proto-Finnic *liiva (“slime”).[2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈliːvli/, [ˈliːvli]
Noun
līvli
Declension
| singular (ikšlu’g) | plural (pǟgiņlu’g) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (nominatīv) | līvli | līvlizt |
| genitive (genitīv) | līvliz | līvlizt |
| partitive (partitīv) | līvlizt | līvliži |
| dative (datīv) | līvlizõn | līvliztõn |
| instrumental (instrumentāl) | līvlizõks | līvliztõks |
| illative (illatīv) | līvlizõ | līvližiz |
| inessive (inesīv) | līvlizõs | līvližis |
| elative (elatīv) | līvlizõst | līvližist |
References
- ^ Kallio, Petri. The position of Leivu (2021). Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 123–143
- ^ “liivi”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012