langeta

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *langët'ak. Related to Estonian langema, Ingrian langeta, Karelian lanketa, Livonian langõ, Ludian langeta, Veps langeta and Votic langõtõ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈlɑŋːetɑˣ/, [ˈlɑ̝ŋːe̞t̪ɑ̝(ʔ)]
  • Rhymes: -ɑŋːetɑ
  • Syllabification(key): lan‧ge‧ta
  • Hyphenation(key): lan‧ge‧ta

Verb

langeta (intransitive)

  1. to be cast, be projected, fall, descend (of light, a shadow, etc.)
    Valo lankeaa suuresta ikkunasta huoneeseen.
    The light falls through the large window into the room.
    Pimeys lankesi heidän ylleen.
    Darkness fell upon them.
  2. to lapse (morally) [with illative ‘into’]; to sin
    Synonyms: rikkoa (obsolete), tehdä syntiä
    langeta syntiin ― to sin (literally, “to lapse into sin”)
  3. to fall for [with illative], to be fooled
    Synonyms: jäädä, tulla huijatuksi
    langeta jekkuun ― to fall for a practical joke
    langeta ansaan ― to fall into a trap
  4. to fall on, fall upon [with allative]; to occur, happen
    langeta yhteen ― to come together, converge, coincide; [historical linguistics, of sounds] to merge
    Vastuu lankeaa hänelle.
    The responsibility falls on him.
  5. (dated or poetic) to fall, fall down (in general)
    Synonyms: kaatua, pudota, tippua
    langeta maahan ― to fall onto the ground
    langeta kasvoilleen ― to fall face-first
  6. (dated or poetic) to throw oneself, prostrate oneself
    Synonym: kaatua
    langeta polvilleen ― to fall on one's knees

Conjugation

Inflection of langeta (Kotus type 74*G/katketa, nk-ng gradation)
indicative mood
present tense perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. lankean en lankea 1st sing. olen langennut en ole langennut
2nd sing. lankeat et lankea 2nd sing. olet langennut et ole langennut
3rd sing. lankeaa ei lankea 3rd sing. on langennut ei ole langennut
1st plur. lankeamme emme lankea 1st plur. olemme langenneet emme ole langenneet
2nd plur. lankeatte ette lankea 2nd plur. olette langenneet ette ole langenneet
3rd plur. lankeavat eivät lankea 3rd plur. ovat langenneet eivät ole langenneet
passive langetaan ei langeta passive on langettu ei ole langettu
past tense pluperfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. lankesin en langennut 1st sing. olin langennut en ollut langennut
2nd sing. lankesit et langennut 2nd sing. olit langennut et ollut langennut
3rd sing. lankesi ei langennut 3rd sing. oli langennut ei ollut langennut
1st plur. lankesimme emme langenneet 1st plur. olimme langenneet emme olleet langenneet
2nd plur. lankesitte ette langenneet 2nd plur. olitte langenneet ette olleet langenneet
3rd plur. lankesivat eivät langenneet 3rd plur. olivat langenneet eivät olleet langenneet
passive langettiin ei langettu passive oli langettu ei ollut langettu
conditional mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. lankeaisin
lankeisin 		en lankeaisi
en lankeisi 		1st sing. olisin langennut en olisi langennut
2nd sing. lankeaisit
lankeisit 		et lankeaisi
et lankeisi 		2nd sing. olisit langennut et olisi langennut
3rd sing. lankeaisi
lankeisi 		ei lankeaisi
ei lankeisi 		3rd sing. olisi langennut ei olisi langennut
1st plur. lankeaisimme
lankeisimme 		emme lankeaisi
emme lankeisi 		1st plur. olisimme langenneet emme olisi langenneet
2nd plur. lankeaisitte
lankeisitte 		ette lankeaisi
ette lankeisi 		2nd plur. olisitte langenneet ette olisi langenneet
3rd plur. lankeaisivat
lankeisivat 		eivät lankeaisi
eivät lankeisi 		3rd plur. olisivat langenneet eivät olisi langenneet
passive langettaisiin ei langettaisi passive olisi langettu ei olisi langettu
imperative mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. — — 1st sing. — —
2nd sing. lankea älä lankea 2nd sing. — —
3rd sing. langetkoon älköön langetko 3rd sing. olkoon langennut älköön olko langennut
1st plur. langetkaamme älkäämme langetko 1st plur. — —
2nd plur. langetkaa älkää langetko 2nd plur. — —
3rd plur. langetkoot älkööt langetko 3rd plur. olkoot langenneet älkööt olko langenneet
passive langettakoon älköön langettako passive olkoon langettu älköön olko langettu
potential mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. langennen en langenne 1st sing. lienen langennut en liene langennut
2nd sing. langennet et langenne 2nd sing. lienet langennut et liene langennut
3rd sing. langennee ei langenne 3rd sing. lienee langennut ei liene langennut
1st plur. langennemme emme langenne 1st plur. lienemme langenneet emme liene langenneet
2nd plur. langennette ette langenne 2nd plur. lienette langenneet ette liene langenneet
3rd plur. langennevat eivät langenne 3rd plur. lienevät langenneet eivät liene langenneet
passive langettaneen ei langettane passive lienee langettu ei liene langettu
Nominal forms
infinitives participles
active passive active passive
1st langeta present lankeava langettava
long 1st1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st langetakseni langetaksemme
2nd langetaksesi langetaksenne
3rd langetakseen
langetaksensa
past langennut langettu
2nd inessive2 langetessa langettaessa agent4 lankeama
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st langetessani langetessamme
2nd langetessasi langetessanne
3rd langetessaan
langetessansa
negative lankeamaton
instructive langeten —
1) Used only with a possessive suffix.

2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).

4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
3rd inessive lankeamassa —
elative lankeamasta —
illative lankeamaan —
adessive lankeamalla —
abessive lankeamatta —
instructive lankeaman langettaman
4th3 verbal noun lankeaminen
5th1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st lankeamaisillani lankeamaisillamme
2nd lankeamaisillasi lankeamaisillanne
3rd lankeamaisillaan
lankeamaisillansa

Derived terms

See also

Further reading

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *langët'ak. Cognates include Finnish langeta and Estonian langeda.

Pronunciation

  • (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈlɑŋɡetɑ/, [ˈɫɑŋɡe̞t]
  • (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈlɑŋɡetɑ/, [ˈɫɑŋɡ̊e̞d̥ɑ]
  • Rhymes: -ɑŋɡet, -ɑŋɡetɑ
  • Hyphenation: lan‧ge‧ta

Verb

langeta

  1. (intransitive) to fall
    • 1885, “Sprachproben: Der goldene Vogel”, in Volmari Porkka, editor, Ueber den Ingrischen Dialekt mit Berücksichtigung der übrigen finnisch-ingermanländischen Dialekte:
      Linnult lankeis yks kultain sulka.
      One golden feather fell from the bird.
      (Note: The spelling has been normalised in accordance with the literary Ingrian language.)

Conjugation

Conjugation of langeta (type 16/maata, nk-ng gradation)
Indikativa
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular lankeen en lankee 1st singular oon langent, oon langennut en oo langent, en oo langennut
2nd singular lankeet et lankee 2nd singular oot langent, oot langennut et oo langent, et oo langennut
3rd singular lankejaa ei lankee 3rd singular ono langent, ono langennut ei oo langent, ei oo langennut
1st plural lankeemma emmä lankee 1st plural oomma langenneet emmä oo langenneet
2nd plural lankeetta että lankee 2nd plural ootta langenneet että oo langenneet
3rd plural lankejaat1), lankeevat2), langetaa evät lankee, ei langeta 3rd plural ovat langenneet evät oo langenneet, ei oo langettu
impersonal langetaa ei langeta impersonal ono langettu ei oo langettu
Imperfekta Pluskvamperfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular lankeisin en langent, en langennut 1st singular olin langent, olin langennut en olt langent, en olt langennut
2nd singular lankeisit, lankeist1) et langent, et langennut 2nd singular olit langent, olit langennut et olt langent, et olt langennut
3rd singular lankeis ei langent, ei langennut 3rd singular oli langent, oli langennut ei olt langent, ei olt langennut
1st plural lankeisimma emmä langenneet 1st plural olimma langenneet emmä olleet langenneet
2nd plural lankeisitta että langenneet 2nd plural olitta langenneet että olleet langenneet
3rd plural lankeisiit1), lankeisivat2), langettii evät langenneet, ei langettu 3rd plural olivat langenneet evät olleet langenneet, ei olt langettu
impersonal langettii ei langettu impersonal oli langettu ei olt langettu
Konditsionala
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular lankejaisin en lankejais 1st singular olisin langent, olisin langennut en olis langent, en olis langennut
2nd singular lankejaisit, lankejaist1) et lankejais 2nd singular olisit langent, olisit langennut et olis langent, et olis langennut
3rd singular lankejais ei lankejais 3rd singular olis langent, olis langennut ei olis langent, ei olis langennut
1st plural lankejaisimma emmä lankejais 1st plural olisimma langenneet emmä olis langenneet
2nd plural lankejaisitta että lankejais 2nd plural olisitta langenneet että olis langenneet
3rd plural lankejaisiit1), lankejaisivat2), langettais evät lankejais, ei langettais 3rd plural olisivat langenneet evät olis langenneet, ei olis langettu
impersonal langettais ei langettais impersonal olis langettu ei olis langettu
Imperativa
Preesens Perfekta
positive negative positive negative
1st singular — — 1st singular — —
2nd singular lankee elä lankee 2nd singular oo langent, oo langennut elä oo langent, elä oo langennut
3rd singular langetkoo elköö langetko 3rd singular olkoo langent, olkoo langennut elköö olko langent, elköö olko langennut
1st plural — — 1st plural — —
2nd plural langetkaa elkää langetko 2nd plural olkaa langenneet elkää olko langenneet
3rd plural langetkoot elkööt langetko, elköö langettako 3rd plural olkoot langenneet elkööt olko langenneet, elköö olko langettu
impersonal langettakkoo elköö langettako impersonal olkoo langettu elköö olko langettu
Potentsiala
Preesens
positive negative
1st singular langennen en langenne
2nd singular langennet et langenne
3rd singular langennoo ei langenne
1st plural langennemma emmä langenne
2nd plural langennetta että langenne
3rd plural langennoot evät langenne, ei langettane
impersonal langettannoo ei langettane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat Partisipat
active passive
1st langeta present lankeeva langettava
2nd inessive langetees past langent, langennut langettu
instructive langeten 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect.
2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect.
*) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (langetkaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well.
**) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative
***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential
****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd illative lankeemaa
inessive lankeemaas
elative lankeemast
abessive lankeemata
4th nominative lankeemiin
partitive lankeemista, lankeemist

Synonyms

Derived terms

References

  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 247

Ludian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *langët'ak. Cognates include Finnish langeta.

Verb

langeta

  1. to fall, to drop
  2. to fall (of river)
  3. to fall off (of leaves)

Conjugation

Conjugation of langeta (type II-4/pageta, no gradation)
Indicative
Present Perfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular langenen en langene 1st singular olen langenu en ole langenu
2nd singular langened ed langene 2nd singular oled langenu ed ole langenu
3rd singular langenou ei langene 3rd singular on langenu ei ole langenu
1st plural langenemme emme langekoi 1st plural olemme langenu emme olgoi langenu
2nd plural langenette ette langekoi 2nd plural olette langenu ette olgoi langenu
3rd plural langetah ei langeta 3rd plural oldah langettu ei olda langettu
Imperfect Pluperfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular langenin en langenu 1st singular olin langenu en olnu langenu
2nd singular langenid ed langenu 2nd singular olid langenu ed olnu langenu
3rd singular langeni ei langenu 3rd singular oli langenu ei olnu langenu
1st plural langenimme emme langettu 1st plural olimme langenu emme olnu langenu
2nd plural langenitte ette langettu 2nd plural olitte langenu ette olnu langenu
3rd plural langettih ei langettu 3rd plural oldih langettu ei oldu langettu
Conditional
Present Perfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular langenižin en langeniž 1st singular oližin langenu en oliž langenu
2nd singular langenižid ed langeniž 2nd singular oližid langenu ed oliž langenu
3rd singular langeniž ei langeniž 3rd singular oliž langenu ei oliž langenu
1st plural langenižimme emme langeniž 1st plural oližimme langenu emme oliž langenu
2nd plural langenižitte ette langeniž 2nd plural oližitte langenu ette oliž langenu
3rd plural langetaiž ei langetaiž 3rd plural oldaiž langettu ei oldaiž langettu
Imperfect Pluperfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular langenuižin en langenuiž 1st singular olnuižin langenu en olnuiž langenu
2nd singular langenuižid ed langenuiž 2nd singular olnuižid langenu ed olnuiž langenu
3rd singular langenuiž ei langenuiž 3rd singular olnuiž langenu ei olnuiž langenu
1st plural langenuižimme emme langenuiž 1st plural olnuižimme langenu emme olnuiž langenu
2nd plural langenuižitte ette langenuiž 2nd plural olnuižitte langenu ette olnuiž langenu
3rd plural langettanuiž ei langettanuiž 3rd plural oldanuiž langettu ei oldanuiž langettu
Imperative
Present
positive negative
1st singular — —
2nd singular langene ala langene
3rd singular langekkah algah langekoi
1st plural langekam algam langekoi
2nd plural langekat algat langekoi
3rd plural langetakkah aldagah langekoi
Potential
Present Perfect
positive negative positive negative
1st singular langenen en langene 1st singular lienen langenu en liene langenu
2nd singular langened ed langene 2nd singular liened langenu ed liene langenu
3rd singular langenou ei langene 3rd singular lienou langenu ei liene langenu
1st plural langenemme emme langene 1st plural lienemme langenu emme liekoi langenu
2nd plural langenette ette langene 2nd plural lienette langenu ette liekoi langenu
3rd plural langettaneh ei langettane 3rd plural lietah langettu ei liekoi langettu
Nominal forms
Infinitives Participles
active passive
I langeta present langenij langettav
II inessive langetes past langenu langettu
essive langeten
III illative langenemah
inessive langenemas
elative langenemaspiä
adessive langenemal
abessive langenemata

References

  • M. Pahomov (2022), Lüüdi-venän, venä-lüüdin sanakirdʹ‎[2], Helsinki: Lüüdilaine Siebr, →ISBN

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *langët'ak.

Verb

langeta

  1. to fall
  2. to flow

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

References

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