niesen
See also: Niesen
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈnisə(n)/
- Rhymes: -isən
Etymology 1
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
niesen
- (rare, intransitive) alternative form of niezen
Conjugation
| Conjugation of niesen (weak) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | niesen | |||
| past singular | nieste | |||
| past participle | geniest | |||
| infinitive | niesen | |||
| gerund | niesen n | |||
| present tense | past tense | |||
| 1st person singular | nies | nieste | ||
| 2nd person sing. (jij) | niest, nies2 | nieste | ||
| 2nd person sing. (u) | niest | nieste | ||
| 2nd person sing. (gij) | niest | nieste | ||
| 3rd person singular | niest | nieste | ||
| plural | niesen | niesten | ||
| subjunctive sing.1 | niese | nieste | ||
| subjunctive plur.1 | niesen | niesten | ||
| imperative sing. | nies | |||
| imperative plur.1 | niest | |||
| participles | niesend | geniest | ||
| 1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion. | ||||
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
niesen
- plural of niese
Anagrams
German
Alternative forms
- nießen (rare, reflecting the pronunciation with [s])
Etymology
From Middle High German niesen, from Old High German niosan, from Proto-West Germanic *hneusan, from Proto-Germanic *hneusaną, a variant of *fneusaną. Cognate with Dutch niezen, Yiddish ניסן (nisn), English sneeze.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈniːzən/, [ˈniːzən], [ˈniːzn̩] (standard)
- IPA(key): /ˈniːsən/ (just as common)
Audio: (file) Audio (Germany): (file)
Verb
niesen (weak or mixed, third-person singular present niest, past tense nieste, past participle geniest or (rare or humorous) genossen, auxiliary haben)
- (intransitive) to sneeze
Usage notes
- By far the most common past participle is regular geniest. Only this form is correct by standard rules.
- Among those speakers who pronounce the verb with a voiceless [s]-sound, some few use the strong participle genossen, which in Standard German is only that of genießen (“to enjoy”). This usage is most often humorous, otherwise quite rare.
Conjugation
Conjugation of niesen (weak or mixed, auxiliary haben)
| infinitive | niesen | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | niesend | ||||
| past participle | geniest genossen1 | ||||
| auxiliary | haben | ||||
| indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
| present | ich niese | wir niesen | i | ich niese | wir niesen |
| du niest | ihr niest | du niesest | ihr nieset | ||
| er niest | sie niesen | er niese | sie niesen | ||
| preterite | ich nieste | wir niesten | ii | ich nieste2 | wir niesten2 |
| du niestest | ihr niestet | du niestest2 | ihr niestet2 | ||
| er nieste | sie niesten | er nieste2 | sie niesten2 | ||
| imperative | nies (du) niese (du) |
niest (ihr) | |||
1Rare or humorous.
2Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Composed forms of niesen (weak or mixed, auxiliary haben)
1Rare or humorous.
Related terms
- Niesen (noun)
Further reading
- “niesen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “niesen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “niesen” in Duden online
- niesen on the German Wikipedia.Wikipedia de
Middle Dutch
Etymology
Verb
niesen
- to sneeze
Inflection
| infinitive | base form | niesen | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| genitive | niesens | ||||||
| dative | niesene | ||||||
| indicative | subjunctive | ||||||
| present | past | present | past | ||||
| 1st person singular | niese | — | niese | — | |||
| 2nd person singular | nies, nieses | — | nies, nieses | — | |||
| 3rd person singular | niest, nieset | — | niese | — | |||
| 1st person plural | niesen | — | niesen | — | |||
| 2nd person plural | niest, nieset | — | niest, nieset | — | |||
| 3rd person plural | niesen | — | niesen | — | |||
| imperative | |||||||
| singular | nies, niese | ||||||
| plural | niest, nieset | ||||||
| present | past | ||||||
| participle | niesende | — | |||||
Alternative forms
Descendants
Further reading
- “niesen”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “niesen (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II
Middle High German
Etymology
Inherited from Old High German niosan, from Proto-West Germanic *hneusan, from Proto-Germanic *hneusaną. Cognate with Old English *hnēosan and Old Norse hnjósa.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (before 13th CE) /ˈniə̯s̠ən/
Verb
niesen (class 2 strong, third-person singular present niuset, past tense nōs, past participle genorn, past subjunctive nüre, auxiliary hān)
- to sneeze
Conjugation
Conjugation of niesen (class 2 strong, auxiliary hān)
| infinitive | niesen | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| genitive gerund | niesennes niesenes | ||||
| dative gerund | niesenne niesene | ||||
| present participle | niesende | ||||
| past participle | genorn | ||||
| auxiliary | hān | ||||
| indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
| present | ich niuse | wir niesen | i | ich niese | wir niesen |
| du niusest | ir nieset | du niesest | ir nieset | ||
| ër niuset | sie niesent | ër niese | sie niesen | ||
| preterite | ich nōs | wir nuren | ii | ich nüre | wir nüren |
| du nüre | ir nuret | du nürest | ir nüret | ||
| ër nōs | sie nuren | ër nüre | sie nüren | ||
| imperative | nius (du) | nieset (ir) | |||
Composed forms of niesen (class 2 strong, auxiliary hān)
References
- Benecke, Georg Friedrich; Müller, Wilhelm; Zarncke, Friedrich (1863), “niesen”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel