niezen
Dutch
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈni.zə(n)/
Audio: (file) - Hyphenation: nie‧zen
- Rhymes: -izən
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch niesen, from Old Dutch *niesan, from Proto-West Germanic *hneusan, from Proto-Germanic *hneusaną.
Because of the onomatopoeic character of the word, variant forms with different initial consonants also exist(ed), such as fniezen (from Proto-Germanic *fneusaną) and English sneeze.
Verb
niezen
- (intransitive) to sneeze, exhale explosively
Conjugation
| Conjugation of niezen (weak) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | niezen | |||
| past singular | niesde | |||
| past participle | geniesd | |||
| infinitive | niezen | |||
| gerund | niezen n | |||
| present tense | past tense | |||
| 1st person singular | nies | niesde | ||
| 2nd person sing. (jij) | niest, nies2 | niesde | ||
| 2nd person sing. (u) | niest | niesde | ||
| 2nd person sing. (gij) | niest | niesde | ||
| 3rd person singular | niest | niesde | ||
| plural | niezen | niesden | ||
| subjunctive sing.1 | nieze | niesde | ||
| subjunctive plur.1 | niezen | niesden | ||
| imperative sing. | nies | |||
| imperative plur.1 | niest | |||
| participles | niezend | geniesd | ||
| 1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion. | ||||
Derived terms
Descendants
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
niezen
- plural of nies
Middle High German
Etymology
Inherited from Old High German nioȥan, from Proto-West Germanic *neutan, from Proto-Germanic *neutaną. Cognate with Old English nēotan and Old Norse njóta.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (before 13th CE) /ˈniə̯sən/
Verb
nieȥen (class 2 strong, third-person singular present niuȥet, past tense nōȥ, past participle genoȥȥen, past subjunctive nüȥȥe, auxiliary hān)
- (transitive) [with accusative] to use, to make use of, to enjoy
Conjugation
Conjugation of nieȥen (class 2 strong, auxiliary hān)
| infinitive | nieȥen | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| genitive gerund | nieȥennes nieȥenes | ||||
| dative gerund | nieȥenne nieȥene | ||||
| present participle | nieȥende | ||||
| past participle | genoȥȥen | ||||
| auxiliary | hān | ||||
| indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
| present | ich niuȥe | wir nieȥen | i | ich nieȥe | wir nieȥen |
| du niuȥest | ir nieȥet | du nieȥest | ir nieȥet | ||
| ër niuȥet | sie nieȥent | ër nieȥe | sie nieȥen | ||
| preterite | ich nōȥ | wir nuȥȥen | ii | ich nüȥȥe | wir nüȥȥen |
| du nüȥȥe | ir nuȥȥet | du nüȥȥest | ir nüȥȥet | ||
| ër nōȥ | sie nuȥȥen | ër nüȥȥe | sie nüȥȥen | ||
| imperative | niuȥ (du) | nieȥet (ir) | |||
Composed forms of nieȥen (class 2 strong, auxiliary hān)
References
- Benecke, Georg Friedrich; Müller, Wilhelm; Zarncke, Friedrich (1863), “niezen”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel