perfringo

Latin

Etymology

From per- +‎ frangō (“break”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [pɛrˈfrɪŋ.ɡoː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [perˈfriŋ.ɡo]

Verb

perfringō (present infinitive perfringere, perfect active perfrēgī, supine perfrāctum); third conjugation

to break or shatter
Synonym: *perfinō
- c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico 1.25:
  Milites loco superiore pilis missis facile hostium phalangem perfregerunt.
  [His] soldiers, hurling their javelins from the higher ground, easily broke the enemy’s phalanx.
to break through (an obstacle)
to violate or infringe

Conjugation

Conjugation of perfringō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	perfringō	perfringis		perfringit	perfringimus	perfringitis		perfringunt
	imperfect	perfringēbam	perfringēbās		perfringēbat	perfringēbāmus	perfringēbātis		perfringēbant
	future	perfringam	perfringēs		perfringet	perfringēmus	perfringētis		perfringent
	perfect	perfrēgī	perfrēgistī		perfrēgit	perfrēgimus	perfrēgistis		perfrēgērunt, perfrēgēre
	pluperfect	perfrēgeram	perfrēgerās		perfrēgerat	perfrēgerāmus	perfrēgerātis		perfrēgerant
	future perfect	perfrēgerō	perfrēgeris		perfrēgerit	perfrēgerimus	perfrēgeritis		perfrēgerint
passive	present	perfringor	perfringeris, perfringere		perfringitur	perfringimur	perfringiminī		perfringuntur
	imperfect	perfringēbar	perfringēbāris, perfringēbāre		perfringēbātur	perfringēbāmur	perfringēbāminī		perfringēbantur
	future	perfringar	perfringēris, perfringēre		perfringētur	perfringēmur	perfringēminī		perfringentur
	perfect	perfrāctus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	perfrāctus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	perfrāctus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	perfringam	perfringās		perfringat	perfringāmus	perfringātis		perfringant
	imperfect	perfringerem	perfringerēs		perfringeret	perfringerēmus	perfringerētis		perfringerent
	perfect	perfrēgerim	perfrēgerīs		perfrēgerit	perfrēgerīmus	perfrēgerītis		perfrēgerint
	pluperfect	perfrēgissem	perfrēgissēs		perfrēgisset	perfrēgissēmus	perfrēgissētis		perfrēgissent
passive	present	perfringar	perfringāris, perfringāre		perfringātur	perfringāmur	perfringāminī		perfringantur
	imperfect	perfringerer	perfringerēris, perfringerēre		perfringerētur	perfringerēmur	perfringerēminī		perfringerentur
	perfect	perfrāctus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	perfrāctus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	perfringe		—	—	perfringite		—
active	future	—	perfringitō		perfringitō	—	perfringitōte		perfringuntō
passive	present	—	perfringere		—	—	perfringiminī		—
passive	future	—	perfringitor		perfringitor	—	—		perfringuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		perfringere		perfringī		perfringēns		—
future		perfrāctūrum esse		perfrāctum īrī		perfrāctūrus		perfringendus, perfringundus
perfect		perfrēgisse		perfrāctum esse		—		perfrāctus
future perfect		—		perfrāctum fore		—		—
perfect potential		perfrāctūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		perfringendī	perfringendō		perfringendum	perfringendō	perfrāctum		perfrāctū

References

“perfringo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“perfringo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
“perfringo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to break through the phalanx: phalangem perfringere