tuma

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tumah.

tuma

1. body louse

From Turkic *turma (“radish”), from an Iranian language. Perhaps already borrowed into Proto-Mongolic as *turma.

Compare Mongolian тоором (toorom), Turkish turp (“radish”), Persian ترب (torob, “radish”).

• IPA^(key): /tʰuˈmɑ/

tuma

1. carrot

From Proto-Finnic *tuma, possibly from Proto-Finno-Permic *tuŋa, although -ŋ- > -m- would be irregular. Cognates include Erzya тов (tov, “kernel”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈtumɑ/, [ˈt̪umɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -umɑ
• Syllabification^(key): tu‧ma
• Hyphenation^(key): tu‧ma

tuma

1. (cytology) nucleus, cell nucleus (large organelle found in cells which contains genetic material)
2. (ophthalmology) nucleus (hard, central part of the lens in an eye)
3. (obsolete) synonym of ydin (“kernel (of a nut, fruit, etc.)”)

• “tuma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023

• matu, maut, muta

tuma

1. when, at the time that

   Tuma o arti woo, mi yeetoto mo.

   When he is back, I will tell him

• Oumar Bah, Dictionnaire Pular-Français, Avec un index français-pular, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2014.

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tumah.

tuma

1. head louse

tuma

1. romanization of ꦠꦸꦩ

Compare Wayana tuma, Akawaio tuma, Macushi tuma, Pemon tuma.

• (Venezuela) IPA^(key): [tummwa]
• (Suriname) IPA^(key): [tuːma]

tuma (possessed tumary)

1. pot, cooking pot, kettle
2. food prepared in such a pot, pepperpot

• Courtz, Hendrik (2008), A Carib grammar and dictionary‎^[2], Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, page 392
• Ahlbrinck, Willem (1931), “tuma”, in Encyclopaedie der Karaïben, Amsterdam: Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, page 471; republished as Willem Ahlbrinck, Doude van Herwijnen, transl., L'Encyclopédie des Caraïbes‎^[3], Paris, 1956, page 461

tuma

1. to order

tuma (perfect tumini)

1. to order
2. to send

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tumah.

• (Johor-Selangor) IPA^(key): /tu.mə/
• (Riau-Lingga) IPA^(key): /tu.ma/
• Rhymes: -umə, -mə

tuma (Jawi spelling توما, plural tuma-tuma)

1. mite

• Indonesian: tuma

• “tuma” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

From Proto-Polynesian *tuma (“louse”).

tuma

1. body louse, Pediculus humanus

   Hypernym: kutu

   Kua kai he tuma haana a tefutefu mata

   His eyebrow is infested with lice.

• “tuma” in Tohi Vagahau Niuē (Niuean Language Dictionary).

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tumah.

tuma

1. head louse

• Javanese: ꦠꦸꦩ (tuma)

-túma (infinitive gutúma, perfective -túmye)

1. to send

Uncertain. Possibly from the same root of tumeō (“I swell”), which could derive from *tum- (“to swell”) + *-eh₂ (“feminine ending”) (used for feminine result nouns from verbs). Compare Latin tumor, tumidus.

Semantically related to Italian toma, even though the suggested etymology from tomus does not fit the phonology of Sicilian. The other italic counterparts - Neapolitan tuma and Piedmontese tùma both meaning cheese - suggest that the italianized form expunged the local/regional tonic vowel to a more "refined" one, like the French tome.The italianization process in fact typically, at an onomastic level, shaped differently many Sicilian names (like Sicilian Carusu, as surname, or Gulisanu, as a toponym).

• IPA^(key): /ˈtu.ma/ (Standard)
• Hyphenation: tù‧ma

tuma

1. A semi-hard Sicilian cheese
   1. (chiefly) a certain degree of maturing of Sicilian pecorino cheese
   2. (rare) a cheese

      Synonyms: furmaggiu, frumaju, tumazzu, primusali

• → Italian: tuma

Original meaning garlic, compare Hadiyya tuma (“garlic”). Ultimately from Arabic ثوم (ṯūm, “garlic”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈtuma/

tuma m (plural tumma f)

1. onion

• Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007), A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 38

From Proto-Bantu [Term?].

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

-tuma (infinitive kutuma)

1. to send

Conjugation of -tuma
Positive present -natuma Subjunctive -tume Negative -tumi Imperative singular tuma
Infinitives
Positive kutuma Negative kutotuma
Imperatives
Singular tuma Plural tumeni
Tensed forms
Habitual hutuma Positive past positive subject concord + -lituma Negative past negative subject concord + -kutuma
Positive present (positive subject concord + -natuma) Singular Plural 1st person ninatuma/natuma tunatuma 2nd person unatuma mnatuma 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anatuma wanatuma other classes positive subject concord + -natuma
Negative present (negative subject concord + -tumi) Singular Plural 1st person situmi hatutumi 2nd person hutumi hamtumi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hatumi hawatumi other classes negative subject concord + -tumi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tatuma Negative future negative subject concord + -tatuma
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -tume) Singular Plural 1st person nitume tutume 2nd person utume mtume 3rd person m-wa(I/II) atume watume other classes positive subject concord + -tume
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -situme Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngetuma Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singetuma Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalituma Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalituma
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -atuma) Singular Plural 1st person natuma twatuma 2nd person watuma mwatuma 3rd person m-wa(I/II) atuma watuma m-mi(III/IV) watuma yatuma ji-ma(V/VI) latuma yatuma ki-vi(VII/VIII) chatuma vyatuma n(IX/X) yatuma zatuma u(XI) watuma see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwatuma pa(XVI) patuma mu(XVIII) mwatuma
Perfect positive subject concord + -metuma "Already" positive subject concord + -meshatuma "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jatuma "If/When" positive subject concord + -kituma "If not" positive subject concord + -sipotuma Consecutive katuma / positive subject concord + -katuma Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -katume
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nituma -tutuma 2nd person -kutuma -watuma/-kutumeni/-watumeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mtuma -watuma m-mi(III/IV) -utuma -ituma ji-ma(V/VI) -lituma -yatuma ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kituma -vituma n(IX/X) -ituma -zituma u(XI) -utuma see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kutuma pa(XVI) -patuma mu(XVIII) -mutuma Reflexive -jituma
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -tuma- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -tumaye -tumao m-mi(III/IV) -tumao -tumayo ji-ma(V/VI) -tumalo -tumayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -tumacho -tumavyo n(IX/X) -tumayo -tumazo u(XI) -tumao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -tumako pa(XVI) -tumapo mu(XVIII) -tumamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -tuma) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yetuma -otuma m-mi(III/IV) -otuma -yotuma ji-ma(V/VI) -lotuma -yotuma ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chotuma -vyotuma n(IX/X) -yotuma -zotuma u(XI) -otuma see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kotuma pa(XVI) -potuma mu(XVIII) -motuma
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -tumia (“use, employ”)
  • Passive: -tumwa
  • Stative: -tumika (“be used”)

• Nominal derivations:
  • mtume (“prophet”)

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tumah, from Proto-Austronesian *CuməS. Compare Kavalan tumes, Cebuano tuma, Tetum katuma, tuma.

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈtuma/ [ˈt̪uː.mɐ]
• Rhymes: -uma
• Syllabification: tu‧ma

tuma (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜓᜋ)

1. tiny insect found on dirty clothes and fabrics (like a louse)
2. pubic louse

• muta, umat