থাকা
See also: থেকে
Assamese
Alternative forms
- থকা (thoka) — Eastern Standard
Etymology
| Assamese verb set |
|---|
| থাক (thak) |
| থাকা (thaka) |
| থাকুৱা (thakua) |
| থাকুওৱা (thakuüa) |
Inherited from Magadhi Prakrit 𑀣𑀓𑁆𑀓 (thakka), from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀲𑁆𑀣𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁆 (*sthakk), probably from an extension of Sanskrit স্থা (sthā, “to stand, stay”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tʰa.ka/
Adjective
থাকা • (thaka) (Central Standard)
Verb
থাকা • (thaka) (intransitive) (Central Standard)
Conjugation
impersonal forms of থাকা
| Affirmative (+) | Negative (-) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Stem | থাক thak |
নাথাক nathak | |
| Gerund, Past participle, Agentive | থাকা thaka |
নাথাকা nathaka | |
| Conjugative | {{{cn}}} {{{cn-tr}}} |
{{{cn-1}}} {{{cn-1-tr}}} | |
| Infinitive | থাকিব thakibo |
নাথাকিব nathakibo | |
| Genitive infinitive | {{{gin}}} {{{gin-tr}}} |
{{{gin-1}}} {{{gin-1-tr}}} | |
| Goal | থাকিবলৈ thakiboloi |
নাথাকিবলৈ nathakiboloi | |
| Terminative | {{{trm}}} {{{trm-tr}}} |
{{{trm-1}}} {{{trm-1-tr}}} | |
| Future passive participle | {{{fpp}}} {{{fpp-tr}}} |
{{{fpp-1}}} {{{fpp-1-tr}}} | |
| Agentive (emphatic) | (♂) | থাকোঁতা thakü̃ta |
নাথাকোঁতা nathakü̃ta |
| ♀ | {{{agenf}}} {{{agenf-tr}}} |
{{{agenf-1}}} {{{agenf-1-tr}}} | |
| Contingent | থাকোঁতে thakü͂te |
নাথাকোঁতে nathakü͂te | |
| Progressive participle | থাকোঁতে - থাকোঁতে thakü͂te - thakü͂te |
নাথাকোঁতে - নাথাকোঁতে nathakü͂te - nathakü͂te | |
| Reason | {{{rs}}} {{{rs-tr}}} |
{{{rs-1}}} {{{rs-1-tr}}} | |
| Past conditional | {{{unk}}} {{{unk-tr}}} |
{{{unk-1}}} {{{unk-1-tr}}} | |
| Future conditional | থাকিলে thakile |
নাথাকিলে nathakile | |
| Perfect participle | থাকি thaki |
নাথাকি nathaki | |
| Habitual participle | থাকি - থাকি thaki-thaki |
নাথাকি - নাথাকি nathaki - nathaki | |
Conjugation forms of থাকা
| Person | First person | Second person | Third person | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Very faml. & Inferior |
Familiar | Honorific | Non honorific | ||||
| Singular | মই moi |
তই toi |
তুমি tumi |
আপুনি apuni |
তেওঁ etc teü͂ |
সি ♂, তাই ♀ etc xi ♂, tai ♀ | |
| Plural | i | আমি ami |
তহঁত tohõt |
তোমালোক tümalük |
আপোনালোক apünalük |
তেওঁলোক teü͂lük |
সিহঁত etc xihõt |
| t | তহঁতে tohõte |
তোমালোকে tümalüke |
আপোনালোকে apünalüke |
তেওঁলোকে teü͂lüke |
সিহঁতে etc xihõte | ||
| Present | |||||||
| Indefinite | + | থাকোঁ thakü͂ |
থাক thako |
থাকা thaka |
থাকে thake | ||
| - | নাথাকোঁ nathakü͂ |
নাথাক nathako |
নাথাকা nathaka |
নাথাকে nathake | |||
| Imperfective | + | থাকিছোঁ thakisü͂ |
থাকিছ thakiso |
থাকিছা thakisa |
থাকিছে thakise | ||
| - | Imperfective | ||||||
| থাকা নাই thaka nai | |||||||
| "not about to" (usage is not common) | |||||||
| {{{pres-perf-5}}} {{{pres-perf-5-tr}}} |
{{{pres-perf-6vf}}} {{{pres-perf-6vf-tr}}} |
{{{pres-perf-6f}}} {{{pres-perf-6f-tr}}} |
{{{pres-perf-7}}} {{{pres-perf-7-tr}}} | ||||
| Continuous | + | থাকি আছোঁ thaki asü͂ |
থাকি আছ thaki aso |
থাকি আছা thaki asa |
থাকি আছে thaki ase | ||
| - | থাকি থাকা নাই thaki thaka nai | ||||||
| Past | |||||||
| Simple | + | থাকিলোঁ thakilü͂ |
থাকিলি thakili |
থাকিলা thakila |
থাকিলে thakile | ||
| - | নাথাকিলোঁ nathakilü͂ |
নাথাকিলি nathakili |
নাথাকিলা nathakila |
নাথাকিলে nathakile | |||
| Imperfective | + | থাকিছিলোঁ thakisilü͂ |
থাকিছিলি thakisili |
থাকিছিলা thakisila |
থাকিছিলে thakisile | ||
| - | Imperfective | ||||||
| নাথাকিছিলোঁ nathakisilü͂ |
নাথাকিছিলি nathakisili |
নাথাকিছিলা nathakisila |
নাথাকিছিলে nathakisile | ||||
| Habitual | |||||||
| {{{past-simp-7}}} {{{past-simp-7-tr}}} |
{{{past-simp-8vf}}} {{{past-simp-8vf-tr}}} |
{{{past-simp-8f}}} {{{past-simp-8f-tr}}} |
{{{past-simp-9}}} {{{past-simp-9-tr}}} | ||||
| Continuous | + | থাকি আছিলোঁ thaki asilü͂ |
থাকি আছিলি thaki asili |
থাকি আছিলা thaki asila |
থাকি আছিলে thaki asile | ||
| - | থাকি থাকা নাছিলোঁ thaki thaka nasilü͂ |
থাকি থাকা নাছিলি thaki thaka nasili |
থাকি থাকা নাছিলা thaki thaka nasila |
থাকি থাকা নাছিলে thaki thaka nasile | |||
| Future | |||||||
| Indicative | + | থাকিম thakim |
থাকিবি thakibi |
থাকিবা thakiba |
থাকিব thakibo | ||
| - | Indicative | ||||||
| নাথাকোঁ nathakü͂ |
নাথাক nathako |
নাথাকা nathaka |
নাথাকে nathake | ||||
| "Perhaps" | |||||||
| নাথাকিম nathakim |
নাথাকিবি nathakibi |
নাথাকিবা nathakiba |
নাথাকিব nathakibo | ||||
| Continuous | + | থাকি থাকিম thaki thakim |
থাকি থাকিবি thaki thakibi |
থাকি থাকিবা thaki thakiba |
থাকি থাকিব thaki thakibo | ||
| - | |||||||
| Indicative | |||||||
| থাকি নাথাকিম thaki nathakim |
থাকি নাথাকিবি thaki nathakibi |
থাকি নাথাকিবা thaki nathakiba |
থাকি নাথাকিব thaki nathakibo | ||||
| "Perhaps" | |||||||
| {{{fut-cont-7}}} {{{fut-cont-7-tr}}} |
{{{fut-cont-8vf}}} {{{fut-cont-8vf-tr}}} |
{{{fut-cont-8f}}} {{{fut-cont-8f-tr}}} |
{{{fut-cont-9}}} {{{fut-cont-9-tr}}} | ||||
| Others | |||||||
| Imperative | + | থাকোঁ thakü͂ |
থাক thak |
{{{imp-1a}}} {{{imp-1a-tr}}} |
থাকক thakok | ||
| - | — | নাথাকিবি nathakibi |
নাথাকিবা nathakiba |
নাথাকিব nathakibo | |||
| ❋ Note 1: i = for intransitive verbs, t = for transitive verbs. The suffix -এ (-e) marks ergative case. | |||||||
| ❋ Note 2: Sometimes -হঁক (-hõk) or less commonly -হঁত (-hõt) suffix is used for plural pronouns, like আমি কৰোঁহঁক (ami korü̃hõk), আপোনালোক আহিলেহঁক (apünalük ahilehõk) etc. | |||||||
| ❋ Note 3: For intransitive verbs like যোৱা (züa, “to go”) the 3rd person suffix -এ (-e) in simple past tense is not used, like সি গ’ল (xi göl), not সি গ’লে (xi göle). | |||||||
| ❋ Note 4: Other 3rd person pronouns have the same conjugation. Click here to see other personal pronouns. | |||||||
References
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “sthakk”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Bengali
Alternative forms
- থাগা (thaga) — Vanga
Etymology
Inherited from Magadhi Prakrit 𑀣𑀓𑁆𑀓 (thakka), from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀲𑁆𑀣𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁆 (*sthakk), probably from an extension of Sanskrit स्था (sthā, “to stand, stay”). Doublet of স্থান (sthan) and -স্তান (-stan, “place”). Related to থুয়া (thuẏa), থান (than), ঠাঁই (ṭhãi), থালা (thala) and ঠিক (ṭhik)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t̪ʰa.ka/
Audio: (file)
- Rhymes: -aka
- Hyphenation: থা‧কা
Verb
থাকা • (thaka)
- to live, to reside
- আপনি কোথায় থাকেন? ― apni kōthaẏ thakeno? ― Where do you live?
- to stay; to remain
- এখানে থাকুন। ― ekhane thakun. ― Stay here.
Conjugation
| verbal noun | থাকা (thaka) |
|---|---|
| infinitive | থাকতে (thakte) |
| progressive participle | থাকতে-থাকতে (thakte-thakte) |
| conditional participle | থাকলে (thakle) |
| perfect participle | থেকে (theke) |
| habitual participle | থেকে-থেকে (theke-theke) |
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| very familiar | familiar | familiar | polite | |||
| simple present | থাকি (thaki) | থাকিস (thakiś) | থাকো (thako) | থাকে (thake) | থাকেন (thaken) | |
| present continuous | থাকছি (thakchi) | থাকছিস (thakchiś) | থাকছ (thakcho) | থাকছে (thakche) | থাকছেন (thakchen) | |
| present perfect | থেকেছি (thekechi) | থেকেছিস (thekechiś) | থেকেছ (thekecho) | থেকেছে (thekeche) | থেকেছেন (thekechen) | |
| simple past | থাকলাম (thaklam) | থাকলি (thakli) | থাকলে (thakle) | থাকল (thaklo) | থাকলেন (thaklen) | |
| past continuous | থাকছিলাম (thakchilam) | থাকছিলি (thakchili) | থাকছিলে (thakchile) | থাকছিল (thakchilo) | থাকছিলেন (thakchilen) | |
| past perfect | থেকেছিলাম (thekechilam) | থেকেছিলি (thekechili) | থেকেছিলে (thekechile) | থেকেছিল (thekechilo) | থেকেছিলেন (thekechilen) | |
| habitual/conditional past | থাকতাম (thaktam) | থাকতিস/থাকতি (thaktiś/thakti) | থাকতে (thakte) | থাকত (thakto) | থাকতেন (thakten) | |
| future | থাকব (thakbo) | থাকবি (thakbi) | থাকবে (thakbe) | থাকবে (thakbe) | থাকবেন (thakben) | |