Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/tundō
Proto-Italic
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tunédti,[1][2] from *(s)tewd- (“to push, hit”).
Verb
*tundō first-singular present indicative[3]
Inflection
| Inflection of *tundō (third conjugation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Present | *tundō | |
| Perfect | *tetudai | |
| Aorist | — | |
| Past participle | *tussos | |
| Present indicative | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *tundō | *tundōr |
| 2nd sing. | *tundes | *tundezo |
| 3rd sing. | *tundet | *tundetor |
| 1st plur. | *tundomos | *tundomor |
| 2nd plur. | *tundetes | *tundem(e?)n(ai?) |
| 3rd plur. | *tundont | *tundontor |
| Present subjunctive | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *tundām | *tundār |
| 2nd sing. | *tundās | *tundāzo |
| 3rd sing. | *tundād | *tundātor |
| 1st plur. | *tundāmos | *tundāmor |
| 2nd plur. | *tundātes | *tundām(e?)n(ai?) |
| 3rd plur. | *tundānd | *tundāntor |
| Perfect indicative | Active | |
| 1st sing. | *tetudai | |
| 2nd sing. | *tetudistai? | |
| 3rd sing. | *tetudei | |
| 1st plur. | *tetudme? | |
| 2nd plur. | *tetude | |
| 3rd plur. | *tetudēri | |
| Aorist indicative | Active | |
| 1st sing. | — | |
| 2nd sing. | — | |
| 3rd sing. | — | |
| 1st plur. | — | |
| 2nd plur. | — | |
| 3rd plur. | — | |
| Present imperative | Active | Passive |
| 2nd sing. | *tunde | *tundezo |
| 2nd plur. | *tundete | — |
| Future imperative | Active | |
| 2nd + 3rd sing. | *tundetōd | |
| Participles | Present | Past |
| *tundents | *tussos | |
| Verbal nouns | tu-derivative | s-derivative |
| *tussum | *tundezi | |
Related terms
- *tud-es-
Descendants
- Latin: tundō
References
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 601
- ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 533
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 633-634
- ^ Poultney, James Wilson (1959), The Bronze Tables of Iguvium[1], Baltimore: American Philological Association
- ^ Buck, Carl Darling (1904), A Grammar of Oscan and Umbrian: With a Collection of Inscriptions and a Glossary
- ^ Kanehiro Nishimura (2012), “Vowel reduction and deletion in Sabellic: A synchronic and diachronic interface”, in Benedicte Nielsen Whitehead, Thomas Olander, Birgit Anette Olsen, Jens Elmegård Rasmussen, editors, The Sound of Indo-European – Phonetics, Phonemics and Morphophonemics
- ^ Barbora Machajdíková; Ľudmila Eliášová Buzássyová (1 October 2021), “Vowel deletion before sibilant-stop clusters in Latin: issues of syllabification, lexicon and diachrony”, in Journal of Latin Linguistics[2], volume 20, number 2, , →ISSN, page 202