Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/atɬ

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

*al, *aˀl (per Werner 2002)
*ʔal-, *ʔar- (per Vovin 2003)
*ʔaʔl (per Starostin 1994-2005)^[1]
*al (per Khabtagaeva 2019)
*āˑtl (for Pre-Proto-Yeniseian), *āˑl, *al (for Proto-Yeniseian, per Vajda-Werner 2022)
*-atɬ (per Fortescue-Vajda 2022)

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Most likely related to or inflected with Proto-Yeniseian *-tɬ (“with”, instrumental noun suffix), though in the case of the latter, the *a- part of the lemma is unexplained.

Both the phonologic and semantic similarity to Proto-Turkic *ẹ̄ĺ (/⁠*eːɬ^[2]⁠/, “friend, companion; matching pair”) should be noted.

Noun

*atɬ (plural *atɬ-Vŋ)

a half of something, a pair of objects
1. fossilized element in terms for paired body parts
2. fossilized element denoting directionality or side
3. fossilized element denoting a bifurcation or split
(sociology) partner, spouse; comrade, companion

Derived terms

*atɬVŋ (“trousers”, literally “half-PLURAL”)
*šowq-atɬ (“snow-sled”, literally “hooked object-half”)

Descendants

Ketic:
- Ket: аль (āˑlʲ, “half, pair”)^[3]
- ⇒ Ket: альтий (-alʲtij, “to undo a seam, stitch or patch, undoing of...”, action nominal)^[4]
- ⇒ Ket: даллън (d-allʌn, “joint, seam, scar”)^[5]
- ⇒ Ket: хытиль (hɨtilʲ, “lower, down”)^[6]
- Yug: ал (āl, “half, pair”)
Kottic:
- ⇒ Assan: alit (“wife”) (M., W., VW.)
- Kott: al (“half, pair”) (C.)
  - ⇒ Kott: alag (M., W., Kl.), âlîx, âlîg (“midday, noon”) (C.)
  - ⇒ Kott: inpašal (“one and a half”) (W.)
- ⇒ Kott: alit (H.), alît (“wife”) (C.)
  - ⇒ Kott: alat (“woman”) (H.)
- ⇒ Kott: kančal (“testicles”) (C.)
- ⇒ Kott: ujal (“downriver”) (C.)
- ⇒ Kott: tigal (“downriver”) (C.)
Arinic:
- Proto-Arinic: *aλte (“partner”)^[7] (cf. Assan alit, Kott alit, alat)
  - >? Xiongnu: 閼氏, 閼氐 (ʔen.tsye ~ ʔat.tejʔ, “wife of a Xiōngnú chieftain”, anthroponym)^[8]

Proto-Arinic: *qam-aλ ~ -aλte (“wife”, literally “woman-partner”)
- ⇒ Arin: kemel'a (H.)
  - ⇒ Arin: kemel'atalpalti (“girl”, literally “woman-child”) (H.)
- ⇒ Arin: bɨ-qamálte (M.), bi-qamálte (W.), bi-qamal (“my wife”) (VW.)
- ⇒? Arin: kek-melte (“wife”) (H.)

Pumpokolic:
- ⇒ Pumpokol: ilsém (W.), ilsèm (M.), ilzem (“wife”, literally “partner-woman”) (VW.)
- ⇒ Pumpokol: ilsét (W., Kl.), ilsèt (M.), ilzet (“husband”, literally “partner-husband”) (VW.)
- ⇒ Pumpokol: her (“trousers, hose”) (M., W.)

⇒ Proto-Yeniseian: *bajb-atɬ (“kidney”, literally “kidney-pair”)^[9]^[10]^[11]
- Ketic:
  - Ket: байбуль (bajbulʲ)^[12]
  - Yug: байбыл (bajbɨl)
- Kottic:
  - Kott: koipala (C.)

⇒ Proto-Yeniseian: *seŋʷ-atɬ (“lungs”, literally “vital organ-pair”)^[13]
- Kottic:
  - ⇒ Kott: šišatɨn (H.), šičâtn (“lungs”) (C.)
- Arinic:
  - ⇒ Arin: šišali (“lungs”) (H.)

⇒ Proto-Yeniseian: *ɢuwb-atɬ (“half, side”, literally “flat surface-half”)^[14]^[15]
- Ketic: (Metathesized.)
  - Ket: ӄолеп (qɔ́lʲɛp), ӄоламсь (qɔ́lamsʲ) (common variant)^[16]
  - Yug: холап (χɔláp)
- Arinic:
  - ⇒ Arin: qubursaj (“midnight”, literally “half-night”) (M., W.)

References

^ https://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=2&root=config
^ Antonov, Anton; Jacques, Guillaume (2011), “Turkic kümüš ’silver’ and the lambdaism vs sigmatism debate”, in Turkic languages‎^[1], volume 15, number 2, page 5 of 151-170
^ Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, page 81
^ Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, page 85
^ Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, page 138
^ Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, page 189
^ Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), “*alte”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 38
^ Vovin, Alexander (2003), “Did the Xiongnu Speak a Yeniseian Language? Part 2: Vocabulary”, in Altaica Budapestinensia, volume MMII (Proceedings of the 45^th Permanent International Altaistic Conference [PIAC]), page 392 of 389-394
^ Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), “*bájbul”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 1, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 102
^ Fortescue, Michael; Vajda, Edward (2022), “116.) ~*bajb”, in Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 383
^ Bonmann, Svenja; Fries, Simon; Korobzow, Natalie; Günther, Laura; Hill, Eugen (2023), “'kidney'”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part I: Word-Initial Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎^[3], number 5, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 50 of 39-82
^ Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, page 106
^ Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), “*sissatn/*sičatn”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 2, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 808
^ Khabtagaeva, Bayarma (2019), Language Contact in Siberia: Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic Loanwords in Yeniseian (The languages of Asia series; 19)‎^[4], Brill, →ISBN, page 335
^ Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), “*qolʌp/*qalʌp (?)”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 2, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 687
^ Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, page 311