gefa

Icelandic

Etymology

    Inherited from Old Norse gefa, from Proto-Germanic *gebaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰebʰ-.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈcɛːva/
      Rhymes: -ɛːva

    Verb

    gefa (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative gaf, third-person plural past indicative gáfu, supine gefið)

    1. to give something [with accusative]
      • Á Sprengisandi (“On Sprengisandur”) by Grímur Thomsen
        Ríðum, ríðum, rekum yfir sandinn,
        rökkrið er að síga á Herðubreið,
        álfadrottning er að beizla gandinn,
        ekki er gott að verða á hennar leið;
        vænsta klárinn vildi eg gefa til
        að vera kominn ofan í Kiðagil.
        Ride, ride, ride hard across the sands,
        darkness settles over Herðubreið.
        The Queen of the elves bridles her steed -
        be careful not to cross her path.
        My best horse I'd give
        to be safely back in Kiðagil.
    2. to give [with dative ‘someone’ and accusative ‘something’]

    Conjugation

    gefa – active voice (germynd)
    infinitive nafnháttur gefa
    supine sagnbót gefið
    present participle
    gefandi
    indicative
    subjunctive
    present
    past
    present
    past
    singular ég gef gaf gefi gæfi
    þú gefur gafst gefir gæfir
    hann, hún, það gefur gaf gefi gæfi
    plural við gefum gáfum gefum gæfum
    þið gefið gáfuð gefið gæfuð
    þeir, þær, þau gefa gáfu gefi gæfu
    imperative boðháttur
    singular þú gef (þú), gefðu
    plural þið gefið (þið), gefiði1
    1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
    gefast – mediopassive voice (miðmynd)
    infinitive nafnháttur gefast
    supine sagnbót gefist
    present participle
    gefandist (rare; see appendix)
    indicative
    subjunctive
    present
    past
    present
    past
    singular ég gefst gafst gefist gæfist
    þú gefst gafst gefist gæfist
    hann, hún, það gefst gafst gefist gæfist
    plural við gefumst gáfumst gefumst gæfumst
    þið gefist gáfust gefist gæfust
    þeir, þær, þau gefast gáfust gefist gæfust
    imperative boðháttur
    singular þú gefst (þú), gefstu
    plural þið gefist (þið), gefisti1
    1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
    gefinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
    strong declension
    (sterk beyging)
    singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
    masculine
    (karlkyn)
    feminine
    (kvenkyn)
    neuter
    (hvorugkyn)
    masculine
    (karlkyn)
    feminine
    (kvenkyn)
    neuter
    (hvorugkyn)
    nominative
    (nefnifall)
    gefinn gefin gefið gefnir gefnar gefin
    accusative
    (þolfall)
    gefinn gefna gefið gefna gefnar gefin
    dative
    (þágufall)
    gefnum gefinni gefnu gefnum gefnum gefnum
    genitive
    (eignarfall)
    gefins gefinnar gefins gefinna gefinna gefinna
    weak declension
    (veik beyging)
    singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
    masculine
    (karlkyn)
    feminine
    (kvenkyn)
    neuter
    (hvorugkyn)
    masculine
    (karlkyn)
    feminine
    (kvenkyn)
    neuter
    (hvorugkyn)
    nominative
    (nefnifall)
    gefni gefna gefna gefnu gefnu gefnu
    accusative
    (þolfall)
    gefna gefnu gefna gefnu gefnu gefnu
    dative
    (þágufall)
    gefna gefnu gefna gefnu gefnu gefnu
    genitive
    (eignarfall)
    gefna gefnu gefna gefnu gefnu gefnu

    Derived terms

    Old Norse

    Etymology

      Inherited from Proto-Germanic *gebaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰebʰ-.

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /ˈɡevɑ/

      Verb

      gefa (singular past indicative gaf, plural past indicative gáfu, past participle gefinn)

      1. (transitive) to give something
      2. (ditransitive) to give someone something
      3. gefa stað/staðar + dative: stop, cause to cease

      Conjugation

      Conjugation of gefa — active (strong class 5)
      infinitive gefa
      present participle gefandi
      past participle gefinn
      indicative subjunctive
      present past present past
      1st person singular gef gaf gefa gæfa
      2nd person singular gefr gaft gefir gæfir
      3rd person singular gefr gaf gefi gæfi
      1st person plural gefum gáfum gefim gæfim
      2nd person plural gefið gáfuð gefið gæfið
      3rd person plural gefa gáfu gefi gæfi
      imperative present
      2nd person singular gef
      1st person plural gefum
      2nd person plural gefið
      Conjugation of gefa — mediopassive (strong class 5)
      infinitive gefask
      present participle gefandisk
      past participle gefizk
      indicative subjunctive
      present past present past
      1st person singular gefumk gáfumk gefumk gæfumk
      2nd person singular gefsk gafzk gefisk gæfisk
      3rd person singular gefsk gafsk gefisk gæfisk
      1st person plural gefumsk gáfumsk gefimsk gæfimsk
      2nd person plural gefizk gáfuzk gefizk gæfizk
      3rd person plural gefask gáfusk gefisk gæfisk
      imperative present
      2nd person singular gefsk
      1st person plural gefumsk
      2nd person plural gefizk

      Alternative forms

      • ᚴᛅᚠ (kaf)first/third singular past indicative, Runic form
      • ᚴᛅᚠᚢ (kafu)third plural past indicative, Runic form

      Descendants

      • Icelandic: gefa
      • Faroese: geva
      • Norwegian Nynorsk: gjeva, gjeve, gje; (dialectal) giva, gjåvå
      • Elfdalian: djävå
      • Old Swedish: giva, gæva, giffua, giffwa
      • Danish: give
        • Norwegian Bokmål: gi; (obsolete) give
          • Norwegian Nynorsk: gi
      • Scanian: gi
        • Hallandian: ge
      • Gutnish: giva, gi
      • Middle English: given (influenced by native Old English ġiefan)

      Further reading

      • Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “gefa”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive