offendo

Italian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ofˈfɛn.do/
  • Rhymes: -ɛndo
  • Hyphenation: of‧fèn‧do

Verb

offendo

  1. first-person singular present indicative of offendere

Anagrams

Latin

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From ob- (“against”) +‎ *fendō (“hit, thrust”), from Proto-Italic *fendō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to strike, to kill”). Compare dēfendō.

Verb

offendō (present infinitive offendere, perfect active offendī, supine offēnsum); third conjugation

  1. to hit, thrust, strike against something
    • c. 40 BCE, De Bello Hispaniensi, chapter 23:
      Ita cum eius [mīlitis] compar proelium facere coepisset, cum undique sē circumvenīrī animum advertisset, ingressus pedem offendit.
      So, although his [the soldier's] partner had begun to fight, when he noticed that he was being surrounded on all sides, after starting to leave, he hit his foot.
    • 30 BCE, Quintus Horatius Flaccus, Sermo 1.2‎[1], archived from the original on 27 May 2017, lines 74-78:
      Quidquid sum ego, quamvīs
      īnfrā Lūcīlī cēnsum ingeniumque, tamen mē
      cum magnīs vīxisse invīta fatēbitur ūsque
      invidia et fragilī quaerēns inlīdere dentem
      offendet solidō [...]
      Whatever I am like, though
      inferior to the wealth and talent of Lucilius, nevertheless, that I
      have lived with great men [is something that] reluctant envy will fully admit
      and, seeking to sink her tooth into something soft,
      will strike it against something solid [...]
    • c. 95 CE, Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria‎[2], archived from the original on 3 June 2020, book 6, chapter 3, line 67:
      An nōn plūrima dīcuntur quod refert Cicerō dē homine praelongō, caput eum ad fornicem Fabium offendisse [...]
      Rather, not many things are said like what Cicero reports about a very tall man, that he hit his head on the Fabian arch [...]
  2. to meet, encounter (someone)
    Synonyms: inveniō, obeō, occurrō, congredior, prōcēdō
  3. (figuratively) to suffer damage, receive an injury
  4. to fail, be unfortunate
  5. to find fault, take offence
    Sī Caesarem probātis, in mē offenditis.
    If you favor Cæsar, you find fault with me.
  6. to stumble, blunder, commit offence or sin
    Synonyms: committō, dēlinquō, lābor, errō
  7. to shock, vex, offend, mortify, scandalize
Conjugation
   Conjugation of offendō (third conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present offendō offendis offendit offendimus offenditis offendunt
imperfect offendēbam offendēbās offendēbat offendēbāmus offendēbātis offendēbant
future offendam offendēs offendet offendēmus offendētis offendent
perfect offendī offendistī offendit offendimus offendistis offendērunt,
offendēre
pluperfect offenderam offenderās offenderat offenderāmus offenderātis offenderant
future perfect offenderō offenderis offenderit offenderimus offenderitis offenderint
passive present offendor offenderis,
offendere 		offenditur offendimur offendiminī offenduntur
imperfect offendēbar offendēbāris,
offendēbāre 		offendēbātur offendēbāmur offendēbāminī offendēbantur
future offendar offendēris,
offendēre 		offendētur offendēmur offendēminī offendentur
perfect offēnsus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect offēnsus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect offēnsus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present offendam offendās offendat offendāmus offendātis offendant
imperfect offenderem offenderēs offenderet offenderēmus offenderētis offenderent
perfect offenderim offenderīs offenderit offenderīmus offenderītis offenderint
pluperfect offendissem offendissēs offendisset offendissēmus offendissētis offendissent
passive present offendar offendāris,
offendāre 		offendātur offendāmur offendāminī offendantur
imperfect offenderer offenderēris,
offenderēre 		offenderētur offenderēmur offenderēminī offenderentur
perfect offēnsus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect offēnsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — offende — — offendite —
future — offenditō offenditō — offenditōte offenduntō
passive present — offendere — — offendiminī —
future — offenditor offenditor — — offenduntor
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present offendere offendī offendēns —
future offēnsūrum esse offēnsum īrī offēnsūrus offendendus,
offendundus
perfect offendisse offēnsum esse — offēnsus
future perfect — offēnsum fore — —
perfect potential offēnsūrum fuisse — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
offendendī offendendō offendendum offendendō offēnsum offēnsū
Derived terms
Descendants

  • Catalan: ofendre
  • Italian: offendere
  • Old French: offendre
  • Sicilian: affènniri
  • Spanish: ofender
  • Venetan: ofendar

Etymology 2

From the verb. Apparently a rare case of a feminine abstract noun formed directly from -ō, as opposed to the usual extended suffixes -iō f, -tiō f. Compare aspergō, asperginis f and -ēdō, -ēdinis f; -īdō, -īdinis f; -tūdō, -tūdinis f.

Noun

offendō f (genitive offendinis); third declension (hapax legomenon in the nominative)

  1. an offence
    Synonyms: offēnsa, offēnsiō
    • 1st century BCE, Lucius Afranius, Vopiscus 146.32, (quoted by Nonius; alternative readings include "Quoque, nunc offendo saepe procul nostrast mala",[1] "Quoque nunc offendo saepe procul nostra sit mala"[2]):[3]
      quaeque nunc offendo, semper procul ⟨a⟩ vostreis sint mala
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Declension

Third-declension noun.

singular plural
nominative offendō offendinēs
genitive offendinis offendinum
dative offendinī offendinibus
accusative offendinem offendinēs
ablative offendine offendinibus
vocative offendō offendinēs

References

  1. ^ Stowasser, J.M. (1886), “offendo”, in Archiv für lateinische Lexikographie und Grammatik mit Einschluss des älteren Mittellateins. Als Vorarbeit zu einem Thesaurus linguae latinae..., Volumes 3-4, page 283
  2. ^ Klotz, Reinhold (1866), Handwörterbuch der lateinischen Sprache, volume 3: I-Z, page 584
  3. ^ Nonius Marcellus (1888), Lucian Müller, editor, Compendiosa doctrina, volume 1, page 212

Further reading

  • “offendo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “offendo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “offendo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[3], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to meet, come across a person; to meet casually: offendere, nancisci aliquem
    • to hurt some one's feelings: offendere aliquem, alicuius animum
    • to hurt some one's feelings: offendere apud aliquem (Cluent. 23. 63)
    • to feel hurt by something: offendi aliqua re (animus offenditur)
    • to have something to say against a person, to object to him: offendere in aliquo (Mil. 36. 99)
    • to take a false step in a thing; to commit an indiscretion: offendere in aliqua re (Cluent. 36. 98)
  • “offendo” in volume 9, part 2, column 493, line 69 in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present
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